ὁ ύζοζαινῃ 19/1 ¢ πο , ee

ANID UNNI

OLNOHOL 40 ALISHANINN

Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2008 with funding from Andrew W. Mellon Foundation

https://archive.org/details/charactersoftheOOtheouoft

THE LOEB CLASSICAL LIBRARY

EDITED BY TOK. RAGE, rrrr:p: Ha CARES» Psp; LL.D; W. H. Ὁ. ROUSE, trrr.p.

THE CHARACTERS OF THEOPHRASTUS

HERODES, CERCIDAS, AND THE GREEK CHOLIAMBIC POETS

(EXCEPT CALLIMACHUS AND BABRIUS)

Εν ον. ae Ὁ : - « πο "| \ MEAAELY τα 5 Αττ ἘΒΕ

a ratris a) pia i ead

ἐγ JAS SGN At Se aeubt

7 -

444759 ὦ THT

SI TCLAM MIE: 404 τι a (= ΓΗ (+ ᾿ a ἐν} 4) Γι ααὸ ἼΣ Ι Tat ΜΠ ΤΟ ΕΝ οὐ λάστλ τα ΝΥΝ

= =

Pa

THE

CHARACTERS THEOPHRASTUS

NEWLY EDITED AND TRANSLATED BY

J. M. EDMONDS

LATE FELLOW OF JESUS COLLEGE LECTURER IN THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE

LONDON: WILLIAM HEINEMANN LTD

NENW, oY ORK: ΟΡ PUT NAMES: SONS MCMXXI1X

PREFACE

Tue Characters of Theophrastus are a good wine that needs no bush, but it has been bottled anew, and new bottles may need a word of recommendation, The mere existence of an early English translation such as Healey’s would hardly justify an archaistic rendering, but the Character, in the hands of Hall, Overbury, and Earle, has become a native genre, and that, I think, is enough to make such a rendering the most palatable. And this style of translation, taunts of “ Wardour Street’ notwithstanding, has a great advantage. Greek, being itself simple, goes best into a simple style of English; and in the seventeenth century it was still easy to put things simply without making them bald. A simple trans- lation into our modern dialect, if it is to rise above Translator’s English, is always difficult and often unattainable.

In preparing the text I have discarded miuch of my earlier work, in the belief, shared no doubt by many scholars, that the discovery of papyrus frag- ments of ancient Greek books has shifted the editor’s

\'4 Ὁ

PREFACE

bearings from Constantinople to Alexandria. With the ‘doctrine of the normal line,’ exploded by A. Ὁ. Clark, went much critical lumber, and the dust is only just beginning to clear. The peculiar char- acter of this text, with its recurring καί and its natural toleration of displacement, makes it an excellent corpus vile to experiment on. It would be too much to hope that my readers will come away from my Introduction as confident as I am that our mss. go back to an 11-letter line archetype, but I cannot help feeling that there is a plausibility in the emendations I have based upon my hypothesis which is not to be found in the others.

My thanks are due to F. C. Burkitt, A. C. Clark, A. B. Cook, A. E. Housman, A. S. Hunt, and R. D. Hicks, for generous help of various kinds; I grate- fully acknowledge my indebtedness to the labours of D. Bassi, W. Crénert, O. Immisch, O. Navarre, and G. Pasquali; I would thank Isaac Casaubon if I could and if I dared.

J. M. Epmonps.

CAMBRIDGE, 15th July 1927.

vi

CONTENTS

_ PREFACE Z ; ; 2 : 5 .

InTRODUCTION— i. The Book and its Author . : ii. The Text

BIBLIOGRAPHY . ‘ Ὶ

ALPHABETICAL GREEK INDEX OF THE CHAR- ACTERS . : i 3

ComParRaTIVE INDEx oF ENGLIisH TITLEs . Ὴ ANCIENT INDEX : ; : : : ; TExT AND TRANSLATION

GENERAL INDEX

Inpex oF Greek Worbs, CONTAINING THE PRIN- CIPAL CRUCES

PAGE

132

vil

PEE CHARACTERS OF

THEOPHRASTUS

INTRODUCTION I. Tue Book anp 113 AUTHOR

Lixe other unique products of the human spirit, this great little book has aroused much speculation among those who not knowing how a thing is done must needs find out why. Some measure of re-editing it certainly underwent in after life—mending rather than emending, or the thin disguise of the name Alexander would not have been maintained after the necessity for it—political apparently—had ceased.? The first editor was in all probability the author. That Theophrastus collected and edited these pieces himself substantially in the order in which we have them, is suggested by certain signs of artistic de- velopment which we may observe in comparing the earlier as a whole with the later. First, the earlier characters are generally the sketchier, not more carelessly drawn but less completely coloured. No. I is any (Athenian) dissembler, and his dissemblings manifold and anywhere (Athenian). Dissembling is a sepia-wash. With the exception of VIII, the Newsmaker, of whom presently, the same is true,

* xxiii.3; for editing in the Peripatetic School ef. Lycon’s will (died 225), Diog. Laert. v. 73, and Arcesilaus’ unpopular revision of Crantor’s works, ibid. iv. 32, cf. vii. 34; and see

Barthélemy-St. Hilaire’s Dissertation prefixed to his transla- tion of the Aristotelian Problems, Paris, 1891.

2

Θ

THEOPHRASTUS

more or less, of all the Characters till we come to XXIII. They, too, are sepia-washes or, at the most, tinted drawings. Pretentiousness, however, has fewer and larger parts ; and Cowardice, its next-door neighbour but one, though it is one of the longest, contains only two scenes. These are water-colours ; and of the last eight Characters no less than five are of this kind. Secondly, there is development in the smaller matters of style. If we divide the book into three equal parts, (a), (6), and (c), we find that though δεινός appears equally in all, οἷος is preceded by τοιόσδε instead of τοιοῦτος not at all in (a), once in (6), three times in (c); that the qualifying phrase ὡς ὅρῳ λαβεῖν, or the like, occurs four times in (a), twice in (6), not at all in (c); that the word ἀμέλει occurs four times in (a), four times in (6), and eight in (c); and that the construction o7e-and-infinitive occurs four times in (a), once in (6), not at all in (e) ; whereas ‘va or dzws final occurs twice in (a), five times in (6), eleven times in (c). And it may well mean something that the average number of lines to the section in modern texts is two in the first half of the book and two and a half in the second. The general effect of which these minutiae are the outward signs is that the reader somehow feels as he proceeds that what was Anyman in the earlier parts of the book comes to be Somebody in the later. None, probably, of the Characters is really an individual masquerading as a type, yet when we read of the Pretentious Man, the Coward, the Oligarch, or the Friend of Rascals, we feel what we do not feel of the earlier Characters, that Theophrastus’ contemporaries must have said ‘ That is meant for so-and-so.’ And another thing shows the artist. A mere philosopher 4

INTRODUCTION

would have arranged his types scientifically. The Garrulous man, the Loquacious, the Newsmaker, the Backbiter, and still more Penuriousness, Par- simoniousness, and Meanness, should properly be presented in groups. The artist is more likely to arrange his sketches either in the order in which he drew them or as he thinks will be most pleasing to his public. Which brings us back to the Newsmaker. This Character, though it is numbered VIII, belongs in form to the later part of the book; and it is exceptional in another way. For here Theophrastus breaks his ‘ rule of the infinitive’ * by no fewer than five indicatives ; the only other instances are halfway through the book, the two potential optatives at the end of XV. Now it is agreed that VIII must have been written after XXIII, because in the former Antipater is dead and in the latter still alive. It is only a matter of a few months, but there it is. We have seen that, apart from Newsmaking, there are clear traces of a trend. Then why this exception? The reason, like that of the disguising of Alexander’s name in XXIII, is very likely political. It may perhaps be connected with the dedication? of the book to the adviser of Eurydice, wife of the imbecile king Arrhidaeus, whose rival the four-year-old son of Alexander is made by the Newsmaker—so absurdly as it would seem to the contemporary Athenian reader, and also, let us hope, to Polycles “—to defeat Casander who was then in favour at Athens. How- ever the exception may be explained, exception it is.

« With οἷος.

Ὁ If that is genuine, see pp. 37-9, and add that Diogenes’ lists of the works of both Aristotle and Theophrastus contain letters ; there was one from T. to Casander. © See p. 36.

5

THEOPHRASTUS

The pieces are arranged as none but the author would arrange them, and therefore the publication of the book, as a whole, is the author’s.

From the order he has adopted we may gather that the object of his book was not primarily scientific. For according to Diogenes Laertius* one of Theo- phrastus’ famous sayings was ‘As soon trust an unbridled horse as an ill-arranged disquisition,’ and his extant botanical books are the work of a great classifier. For whom then, apart from Polycles, were these Characters written ? Like other works of their author they served perhaps, as a part of ‘ poetic,’ to fill a gap in the Aristotelian corpus of human know- ledge.’ They seem to have originated a Peripatetic genre.© But what capital after-dinner recitations ὦ they would make! First the definition with its suggestion of the game of εἰκασίαι or ‘ likenesses ’"— “I say,’ says the tipsy Alcibiades, ‘ that Socrates is very like those Silenuses that you see set out in the statuaries’ shops —and then its so convincing justi- fication in a string of humorously and gently sarcastic examples, extending often to little scenes—the Unconscionable man at the butcher’s, the Coward at sea; and the touch which makes the whole world kin—‘ and this done he will away home and tell his wife what a great success he has had.’ They may indeed have been, as the use of the word ἀμέλει implies,’ answers to ‘dinner-table questions, συμπο- σιακαὶ ἐρωτήσεις, like the dialectic questions addressed

« Lives of the Philosophers, v. 2, ed. Hicks, L.C.L.

> Cf. Rostagni, Riv. di Filol. xlviii. 417 f.

¢ Heracleides Ponticus (?), Lycon, Ariston, Satyrus; cf. now Pasquali, Rass. di Ling. 6 Lett. class., 1918, pp. 7 f.

4 Of. Plat. Sym. 215 c, Rep. 487 ©, Meno 80 c, and Rhet. Gr. viii. 789 W. ‘Cf xii ΕΣ 1. 6

INTRODUCTION

by Stilpo to Eucleides at the table of Ptolemy I., and the ‘inquiries over the wine-cup,’ ἐπικυλικεῖοι ἐξηγήσεις So much resented by Arcesilaus.* Perhaps they were composed for the monthly dinners of the Peripatetic thiasos for which Aristotle wrote his Mess-rules,® and which were the original scene of his Dinner - Table Problems,¢ a collection which was doubtless the prototype of the Convivial Questions of Plutarch and the Doctors at Dinner of Athenaeus, not to mention the Symposiacs of Didymus. For a Peripatetic book written in light vein we may compare Theophrastus’ contemporary Heracleides of Pontus. At the end of Diogenes’ list of his works ὦ we read ‘ Some of these are composed in comic style (κωμικῶς πέπλακεν), for instance the tracts On Pleasure and On Temperance, others in the style of tragedy (τραγικῶς), for instance Those in Hades, On Piety, and On Authority. And he has a sort of intermediate con- versational type for dialogue between philosophers, generals, and statesmen.’ Unfortunately we do not know to which group Heracleides’ Characters be- longed, nor whether their title betokens a similar book to this.¢

Whether the companion volume of ‘ good’ char- acters apparently referred to in Theophrastus’ preface was ever written, is not certain. But Diogenes’ list of his works contains two mentions of Characters, one of which may refer to the ‘ good’ volume and one

@ Diog. L. ii. 111-2. 118, iv. 42

> νόμοι συσσιτικοί Diog. L. v. 26, συμποτικοί Ath. ν. 2, 186 b, Chile On.

4 It may have been a rhetorical =a lice eee Περὶ λέξεως ἢ περὶ χαρακτήρων Diog. L. vi. 15.

τί

THEOPHRASTUS

to the ‘bad’; a clearer indication is the passage where Eustathius speaks of Theophrastus’ Brave man in contrast with his Coward.* The‘ good ’ characters the dinner-table would not perhaps find so amusing ; yet not all amusement is laughable nor were all ῥήσεις comic.2 To write a book to serve, as it would seem,’ two such diverse purposes, would need an uncommon but happily not unexampled nature, that which combines philosopher, teacher, artist, and wit. Readers of his delightful Letters will think perhaps of the late Walter Raleigh. Readers of Athenaeus ὦ will remember the account he takes from Hermippus, who wrote about fifty years after our author’s death : “ At a regular hour Theophrastus used to appear in the Garden spruce and gay, and taking his seat proceed to his discourse, indulging as he went along in every pose and gesture imaginable; he once mimicked an epicure by putting out his tongue and licking his lips.’. Add to this his saying,’ “’The most expensive thing is time,’ his pedagogic contrast of a lecture-audience (πανήγυρις) with a class (συνέδριον), and his calling somebody σχολαστικός, ‘a pedant,’ and you have a portrait to prefix to Diogenes’ great list of his works

The Characters were a new thing, but even new

@ 71. 931.21. > Of. Ar. Nub. 1371, Ephipp. 16 K.

¢ Jebb is very sound here: ‘ The difficulty [in supposing the object of the book philosophic] is, not that the descrip- tions are amusing, but that they are written as if their principal aim was to amuse,’ p. 13 (29).

qj, 21 a, quoting doubtless from H.’s On Theophrastus, Diog. L. ii. 55.

7 490 ‘volumes’ as against Aristotle’s 535 ( =‘ nearly 400 works,’ Diog. L. v. 34); but of course many were in size mere pamphlets, as is shown by the totals of the lines.

8

INTRODUCTION

things have origins, and, though this book's re- semblance to its forbears is slight, it is unmistakable. Passages like Herodotus’ description of the Despot ¢ are doubtless in the direct line; and though the Oligarchical man of Plato’s Republic” is almost as far removed from that of Theophrastus as Theophrastus’ Flatterer from Menander’s, certain parts of the Nicomachean Ethics show a near affinity. I translate a well-known passage:° ‘Such then is the peyado- πρεπής or Magnificent man. The excessive nature corresponding to the mean in him, that of the βάναυσος or Vulgar, shows its excess in extravagant expenditure. For the Vulgar man spends much on small things and seeks distinction in wrong ways, entertaining his club, for instance, as if it were a wedding-party, and, when he stages a comedy, in- troducing purple in the Megarian style where the Chorus enters. His object in all such actions will be, not to win honour but to display his wealth and cause a sensation, spending little where he should spend much, and much where little. The μικρο- πρεπής or Shabby-minded man will always show the corresponding defect and, after he has spent a fortune on a thing, lose honour in a mere detail of it, always stopping to consider what is the cheapest way and bewailing even that, and exaggerating the import- ance of everything he does.’ There is humour here, but it is incidental. The humour of the Characters is essential. In Aristotle the examples are a means of expression, in Theophrastus they are the thing said. In Aristotle the teacher predominates, in Theophrastus the man of letters. Plato, here as always, is as much one as the other.

απ (iO) δ 59) A. ¢ iv. 1193 a 6.

THEOPHRASTUS

I add an outline of our author’s life. Theophrastus, whose true name was Tyrtamus, was born, like Sappho, at Eresus in Lesbos, probably about the year 370 s.c. His father was a fuller. He was twice instrumental in expelling tyrants from his native town, and the democracy of Eresus, over- thrown about 357, was restored before 334. It was perhaps therefore partly for political reasons that he first went to Athens. Anyhow he sat at the feet. of Plato and, before his death, left him for Aristotle. It is probable that when, on Plato’s death in 347, Aristotle withdrew, first to Atarneus, then to Mytilene, and thence to Stageira to educate the young Alexander, Theophrastus spent some time in Lesbos and then joined his master in Chalecidice, to return with him to Athens when, in 335, Alexander became king. When Aristotle retired in the year of Alexander’s death, 323, to Chalcis, Theophrastus succeeded him as head of the Peripatetic School. As many as two thousand pupils, it is said, attended his lectures. One of these was the comic poet Menander, who brought out his first play a year after the final triumph of Macedon at Crannon, 321. The Characters were written in 319. In 307 Theo- phrastus shared the banishment of all philosophers under the decree proposed by one Sophocles, re- turning on its repeal the following year. When he died, in or about 287, all Athens followed him to his grave in the Garden where he had taught. His will, which is given by Diogenes, is an historical document of the greatest interest. We gain from it among other things a clear notion of the Garden which was the undoubted ancestor of the modern college.

10

INTRODUCTION

11, Tar Text

The manuscripts of the Characters arrange them- selves into groups containing respectively :

(1) I-XV: A and B and the class αὶ (2) XVI-XXX: V

(3) I-XXI: M

(4) I-XXIIT: the class D

(5) I-XXVIII: the class C

A is Parisinus (Fontebl. Reg.) 2977 membr. saec. xi,

B is Parisinus (Med. Reg.) 1983 membr. saec. xi ineunt.,

V is Vaticanus gr. 110 chart. saec. xiii vel xiv,

M is Epitome Monacensis gr. 505 chart. saec. xv.*

The mss of classes C, D, and FE, none of which is older than the xiiith century, are described, with the above, by Immisch, who has done more for the text of the Characters than any scholar since Casaubon.

The text is peculiarly liable to loss and dislocation owing to two circumstances, the unusual number of sentences beginning with καί, and the unusually dis- connected nature of the subject matter. The first invites parablepsia (7X), the second toleration of dis- placement. (Hence the length of the critical notes in this edition.)

Next to the contents of the mss, the most valuable datum for constructing a stemma has, as I think rightly, been thought to be the position of certain

2 Besides these there are papyrus-fragments: (1) Oxyrh. Pap. 699 cent. iii, Epitome of xxv. 6 and xxvi. 1-2; (2) Philodemus περὶ Κακιῶν Here. Vol. Coll. Tert. col. vi-vii, text of Char. y. 2-end.

11

THEOPHRASTUS

neighbouring passages of Char. XXX. V has these in what is clearly their true position, all other mss at the end of XI. Of this there can be three ex- planations: (1) V represents half of a different re- cension in two books; or (2) the ancient recension from which all our mss have come had the passage in both places ;% or else (3) the half-book (/), from which V’s ancestor (v) was copied, had, or rather came to have, at or near the end certain loose por- tions which alone, or rather some of which alone, eventually survived and were inserted in the other half (a) before the ancestors of the other mss (m, a, ὁ, etc.) were made.? Of these alternatives the first is rendered unlikely by the title of V, ἀπὸ τῶν τοῦ Θεοφράστου χαρακτήρων us’ χαρακτὴρ δεισιδαιμονίας, and its having no index, which show that the scribe of V knew that he was copying a fragment ; and the second is not likely in so short a work (but see below, p. 30). All the other large displacements probably took place in the earlier antiquity. Compare the history of the library of Theophrastus in Strabo, xiii. 54. One displacement, at any rate, is shared by the Philodemus citation (Pap. Herc. 1457).

A third datum has not hitherto been taken suffici- ently into consideration, that furnished by the omissions, the repetitions, the transpositions, and the minor displacements. The great majority of

@ Cf. the Urbinas of Theophr. Hist. Plant. ix. 8. 1f; and the Aristotelian Problems, of which 14 out of 896 are identical repetitions (Prantl ap. St.-Hilaire, op. cit.).

> More accurately, the Archetype was divided into p and q, p with full index, g with none; from p came a with half the index; the other half-index was freshly compiled and

added either to g after v was made, or to an intermediate ms §, ancestor of all exemplars containing any of XV—XXX.

19

INTRODUCTION

these can, I think, be most easily accounted for on the following theory :

(a) That all existing mss except the papyrus frag- ments come from a papyrus-roll mithout compendia + which had 11-12 letters to the line and a column of the unusually short average length of 124 lines ὃ,

(b) That this exemplar was purposely divided into two halves, either so that it could be copied by two scribes at once, or because of the awkwardness of this format ;

(c) That this exemplar was copied not only in contents but to some extent in form by the ancestors of all our mss (except the papy?t).

(d) That the edition to which this archetype (Arch.) and its more immediate descendants belonged was made from an earlier exemplar (Pre-Arch.) which had about 18 letters to the line.“

I take first the chief evidence for these conclusions in order, and then the indications that the supposed Jormat of Arch., though apparently unusual, is pos- sible :

(a) i. Evidence for the 11-12 letter line in Arch. and its immediate descendants (1 star the instances where 7X seems to be involved, underlining the letters con- cerned, and adding within brackets the number of letters in each line) :

2 Except such ancient devices as the stroke over the penultimate letter indicating N.

> Or, allowing 4 a line per col. for paragraphing, say 13.

¢ I can hardly expect my critics to write out the whole book, as I have done, in (plausible) 12-14 line columns of (plausible) 11-12 letter (rarely 9 or 13) lines with an eye to the possible causes of gaps, etc., but if they would—!

13

THEOPHRASTUS

V: _ repetition, in XXII 5-6, of -τοῦ ἀποτιθέναι (13) καὶ τὰ παιδία (11)

after δεινὸς δὲ μὴ (10) πέμψαι εἰς διδα- (13) σκάλου ὅταν 7 (12)

repetition,* in XXVI 8, of ἀμέλει δὲ δει- (11) νὸς τοῖς τοιού- (19) τοις τῶν ὀλί- (10) γων χρήσασθαι (19)

after ἐπίστασθαι (10) C D*: omission,* in XVI 4, of ἱερῷον εὐθὺς (12) after ἱερὸν ἐνταῦθα (12) transposition,* in XVI 9, of ἐλθεῖν between οὔτ᾽ ἐπὶ νεκρὸν (12) and οὔτ᾽ ἐπὶ λεχὼ (10) omission, in XXI 8, of ἐν τοῖς μύωψι (11)

transposition, in XXVIII 2, of φασὶν after ἐν τῇ πατρίδι (12) εὐγενεῖς εἶναι (15)

Α: transposition,* in III 6, of μήτε σχολὴν (10)

and μήτε σπουδὴν (11)

anticipation,* in XII 9, of καὶ ἀναλίσκον- (12) Tas

after μεμαθηκότας (11) instead of after καὶ θύοντας (10) 10 lines,® see below. A Be®: omission, in Proem ὃ 4, of τὸν λόγον ἀπὸ (11)

Dis repetition, in IX 7, of κριθὰς ποτὲ δὲ (12) omission, in XV 10, of καὶ οὔτε aoa (12)

@ After XXIII C alone.

> Of respectively 10, 9, 9, 10, 12, 11, 11, 12, 10, 10 letters.

¢ c, d, e indicate one or more mss, but not all, of the classes C, D, E.

14

INTRODUCTION

M: _loss,* in XI. 1, of ἐπιφανὴς καὶ (11) before ἐπονείδιστος (12)

These give an average length to the line of 11} letters.

ii. Evidence for the column of an average length of 12-13 ll. in Arch. (this depends, of course, on the acceptance of the 11-12 letter line): The latter part of XXX %—the eventually saved loose part (f3) of the second half (6) of Arch.—gives the best example. It may be divided into nine columns thus, if we assign to the margin of Arch. words which there is good reason to suppose (see critical notes) were there and not in the text :

(1) καὶ οἰνοπωλῶν---θεατρῶναι (marg. ἐπὶ θέατρον) 11 ll.

(2) kai ἀποδημῶν ---φορτίον (marg. ἐπιθεῖναι) 11 Il.

(3) ἢ δύναται--- βαλανείῳ καὶ (marg. ἄλλων and παρέχειν) 11 1].

(4) εἰπὼν σαπρὸν---ρμῆς (marg. ἐπρίω and ὑπὸ τῶν

οἰκετῶν) 12 ]].

(5) καὶ ἱμάτιον--- μετρεῖν αὐ- (marg. τὸν) 181].

(6) -ros τοῖς ἔνδον- -ἀποδοῦναι καὶ (marg. σφόδρα δὲ

ἀποψῶν) 13 Il.

(7) τῶν υἱῶν δὲ--- -μάτα διὰ τὸ 14 11.

(8) θεὰς εἶναι---- -ρίζοντος καὶ 14.]].

(9) φράτορα---- -des μὴ λάβωσι 14 Il.

Of these nine columns M, or rather m, lost col. 1, prob- ably by 78 between the top lines; all mss but V lost, probably owing to mutilation entire or partial, the first 8 ll. of col. 5 and the whole of cols. 7 and 8. The average length, then, of the column in this part of the roll was just under 123 lines. Now, as the tendency of papyrus is to tear vertically, and C stops at XXVIII, Char. XXIX prob- ably began a new column. If so, between XXIX init. and XXX 8 5, Arch. had (with two titles) 3 columns of 12, and 6

* Allowance for possible paragraphing would slightly raise the average length of the columns, and perhaps tend to equalize them; contrast cols. (1) and (7) below.

> Disregarding the last part of all, §§ 17-20 ((,).

~

15

‘THEOPHRASTUS

of 13 ll. Again, as the roll was cut in two between XV and XVI, it is reasonable to suppose that XVI began a new column (this would doubtless be originally due to the planning-out of the format of the edition). It is interesting, then, to note that if we take 12 ll. as the content of XVI col. 1, the column ends with an unelided ἀπό (before ἱεροῦ) δ; that if we take 13, 13, 13, 12 as the length of cols. 2-5, cols. 3-5 may have been lost from m by 78) between καὶ ἐὰν ἴδη and κἂν (καὶ ἐὰν) γλαῦκες. Again, if 8, ended with the end of a column and the ultimately legible parts of it were copied and the copy inserted after Char. XI, Char. XII would seem to have begun with the top of a column; and if we give this column 14 lines, we can account for m’s displacement of

ἀσχολουμένῳ (12)

προσελθὼν ava- (12)

κοινοῦσθαι.

Lastly, if cols. 2, 3, and 4 of XII contained 14, 12, and 12 lines respectively, M’s omission of 1) καὶ ἐκ μακρᾶς (11) down to (but not including) (§12) καὶ μαστιγου- (11) μένου

is due to the omission of two whole columns through πβὰ (of the scribe of m) between the top lines of cols. 3 and 5.

(b) That the halving of Arch. was designed is clear from the equality of the division I-XV, XVI-XXX.

(c) Arch. was copied to some extent in form as well as in contents by the ancestors of all our mss (except, of course, the papyri). In some this identity seems to have included columns as well as lines, in others it was a matter of lines only. Both lines and columns apparently remained unchanged in both v and m throughout. The rest show evidence of the 11-12 letter line, but not of the 12-13 line column except in 23, where they naturally coincide with m. (This

16

INTRODUCTION

perhaps indicates that v and m retained the roll-form while the ancestors of the rest were codices even in the first generation from Arch.)

i. Columns: Apart from instances already given under (a) ii, M omits passages of about 12 or 24 lines, apparently by 7) of its ancestor m, in

Il 4 ΕΣ : between καί and καί (12 Il.) IX 5 f*: between καί and καί (14 Il.) X 2f*: between οἷος and οἷος (12 and 13 ll.)

XXI8f*: between καὶ πομπεύσας (12 ll.)

δὲ and καὶ kuvapiov (11 ll.) de (11 Il.).

; The evidence for V is given above under (a) ii.

ii. Lines: The 11-letter line is indicated above under (a) i for the common ancestor of A, B, and some of the # class (abe); for the C class and the D class; for the common ancestor of C and D (cd); for the common ancestor of A B (ab) ; as well as for v and m.

(d) Evidence for a line of 17-18 letters in the Pre- Archetype : This, naturally, is rather less definite.

Proem §4*: τὸν λόγον ᾿ σοῦ δὲ παρα- (17) κολουθῆσαί τε ὀρθῶς (17) καὶ εἰδῆσαι εἰ ὀρθῶς (17) λέγω. A

The first ὀρθῶς clearly comes from the second. Comparing Aesch. i. 116 ὑμᾶς βουλοίμην ἂν οἷς ἐγὼ μέλλω λέγειν προσ- éxew τὸν νοῦν καὶ παρακολουθεῖν εὐμαθῶς, we see that it has in all probability ousted εὐμαθῶς.

Ill 5*: displacement of καὶ ἐὰν ὑπομένῃ τις (17) αὐτὸν μὴ ἀφίστασθαι (17) Ὁ 17

THEOPHRASTUS

before καὶ ὡς Βοηδρομιῶνος (17) μέν ἐστι τὰ μυστήρια (17) Πυανοψιῶνος δὲ τὰ ᾽᾿Απα- (18) τούρια ἸΠοσιδεῶνος δὲ (18) τὰ Kat’ ἀγροὺς Διονύσια (19). IV 13%: displacement of καὶ ἐν βαλανείῳ δὲ (16) σαι" καὶ εἰς τὰ ὑποδή- (18) ματα δὲ ἥλους ἐγκροῦσαι (90) before καὶ τῆς αὐτῆς ὁδοῦ παρι- (19) ὧν κομίσασθαι παρ᾽ ᾿Αρ- (17) χίου τοὺς ταρίχους" (16).

The average, taken from these three cases, is 17} letters to

the line. XIII 5: All mss except M (and some of the C class which give καταλιπεῖν 4 ll. of Arch. too late) omit

τὴν ὁδὸν καταλιπὼν (16).

This probably stood in the margin of Arch., having been omitted by the first hand. As D omits it, it was apparently adscript in cd also (see below).

IV 9*: ABe’s omission of 18 letters, καὶ κόψαντος τὴν θύραν, is most easily explained by its having stood in the margin of Arch., whose first hand had omitted it by πβὰλ either between τὴν ὀλύραν (M. Schmidt) and τὴν θύραν, or between τὴν θύραν (already corrupted from τὴν ὀλύραν) and τὴν θύραν. Pre-Arch. then had

ἐμβαλεῖν τὴν ddipay’ (17) or τὴν θύραν: (16) kal κόψαντος τὴν θύραν (19). ΧΙ ὅ: It now looks as if we might explain ABe’s omis-

sion of περιμεῖναι κελεῦσαι (18)

in the same way, though without πβλ.

I now give reasons for supposing (e) that this format was possible, (f) that the format of an ancient or medieval book was sometimes perpetuated.

18

INTRODUCTION

(e) That this format was possible :

i. Letters to the line: In Oxyrh. Papp. 1093 and 1182, mid-2nd cent. B.c., by the same hand, containing parts of Dem. contra Boeot. and Fals. Leg., the average length of the line in cols. iv and xiii of the one is 11-35 and 9-83 letters respectively, and in col. x of the other 10-31. That this length was not exceptional appears from A. C. Clark, Descent of MSS, p. 44. (The columns of these fragments vary between 33 and 36, and 28 and 31 lines, respectively.)

ii. Lines to the column: Hibeh Pap. 13, Hippias(?) On Music, 3rd cent. B.c., has 17 ll., the palimpsest of Cic. de Repub., and Harl. 5041 (Theological Tracts) of cent. vii (cf. Clark) have respectively 15 and 14.

iii. Short line and short column combined: Ryl. Pap. 28, Περὶ Παλμῶν Μαντική, cent. iv papyrus codex, has 13-18 letters to the line and 13-17 ll. to the page; Oxyrh. Pap. 1779, Psalm i in Greek, cent. iv papyrus codex, has as few as 7-12 letters to the line and 8-9 lines to the page; Oxyrh. Pap. 1782 Didache, cent. iv vellum codex, has, in fol. 1, 8-11 letters to the line and 7-8 ll. to the page, and in fol. 2, 8-14 letters to the line and 8 ll. to the page; and Oxyrh. Pap. 1010, Ezra in Greek, cent. iv vellum codex, has 10-11 letters to the line, and 12 ll. to the page.

It is clear then that, apart from the [epi Hadpov Μαντική, parallels to the short line and to the short column existed in Pagan literature, and that Christian books afford early examples of the combination of the two zz short works. It should be noted, however, that the closest parallels are codices.

(f) Perpetuation of a particular format :

Here I may refer the reader to A. C. Clark, Descent of MSS, pp. 41 and 405 f. In the latter passage he shows good reason for supposing that the close similarity of linea- tion observed in Plato, Parm. between B, cent. ix, and D, cent. xii, passed through an intermediate exemplar. ‘The Aarau Fragments of Juyenal, cent. x-xi, tally page for page with the Pithoeanus, cent. ix.* A fixed format for the

« Hermes, xv. pp. 437 f.; Iam indebted to Professor A. E. Housman for this reference. 19

THEOPHRASTUS

editions of the Academic and Peripatetic books in the Alexandrian Library is probably * indicated by the line- totals ascribed by Diogenes Laertius to Speusippus, Xeno- crates, Aristotle, and Theophrastus himself. We may com- pare the end of Josephus, Ant. ἐπὶ τούτοις δὲ καταπαύσω τὴν ἀρχαιολογίαν, βίβλοις μὲν εἴκοσι περιειλημμένην, EE δὲ μυριάσι στίχων. There would be no point in this if the copies of the archetype were not to be uniform, at least in lineation.” It is significant, too, that Diogenes Laertius (vii. 33) refers to ‘about 1. 200,’ κατὰ τοὺς διακοσίους, of Zeno’s Republic, to ‘ about 1. 600,’ κατὰ τοὺς ἑξακοσίους στίχους, of Chrysippus, On the Ancient Natural Philosophers (187), and to ‘about 1. 1000 of the 3rd book of his Justice,’ ἐν τῴ τρίτῳ Περὶ Atkaiov κατὰ τοὺς χιλίους στίχους (188). These references, vague as they are,° could only be of value if the format were fixed. And the survival of marginal ‘ hundred-marks,’ e.g. in the Bankes Homer (cent. ii) and the Ambrosian Pentateuch (cent. v) would seem to imply an original fixed format as a standard of reference.

The importance, to emendation, of the establish- ment—if such it be—of these two line-units, 11-12 and 17-18, is clear. That of the column-unit is of less importance, but still, I think, of considerable value. And I think I may claim, at the risk of being told I am arguing in a circle, that the com- parative ease with which most of the following solutions have come is corroborative evidence of the existence of the letter-units which led to them. I begin with¢—

® Now that A. C. Clark has exploded the ‘ doctrine of the normal line,’ Descent, p. 43.

> Cf. also the scribe’s notes at the end of Philodemus περὶ Ῥητορικῆς and Epicurus περὶ Φύσεως, where the average line-lengths are respectively 20 and 14 letters.

¢ The texts probably indicated only ll. 100, 200, 300, ete.

4 Not all emendations involving these units are mentioned below ; see critical notes.

20

INTRODUCTION

(a) Emendations involving the 17-18 letter line :

19 Ὁ; Pre-Arch. may have omitted

«καὶ πρὸς ods ἀντιδικεῖ (19)

over καὶ τούτοις συλλυπεῖσθαι (22).

IV 11*: Arch. had lost ἀναστὰς ἐξιέναι from its margin when m was copied, and

ἀναστὰς ἐξιέναι ζητῶν (19)

(which came under ἀναμιμνῃσκόμενος (17)

in Pre-Arch.) when the rest were copied,

VII3*: Pre-Arch. had

ἐπιβάλλειν εἴπας" Σὺ μὴ (19)

over ἐπιλάθῃ ὁ μέλλεις (16)

and the first ἐπὶ was corrected by a marginal adscript ὑπο, which was copied as an adscript also by Arch. ; hence our mss vary between tof. and ἐπιβ.

X4*: Here emendation is very uncertain; Pre-Arch. may

have had

καὶ ὅσα μικροῦ τις πριάμενος λογίζεται (18) «αὐτῷ ἀποδοκιμάσαι (17) τοῖς ἀλλότρια δαπανῶσι» (20) πάντα φάσκων «ὥὦνιαΣ εἶναι (20).

XIV 5%*: Here emendation is very uncertain; but one thing is clear, the sentence must exemplify stupidity. I suggest that two ll. of Pre-Arch. were omitted from Arch. by 78; Pre-Arch. then had

ἐπὶ θάκου ἀνίστασθαι (18)

«καὶ ἐπανιὼν νύσταξαι (18)

καὶ τὴν θύραν ἀλλογνοήσας» (22, AAA -_-written close as often)

ὑπὸ κυνὸς τῆς τοῦ yel- (17)

τονος δηχθῆναι.

21

THEOPHRASTUS

XVI 10: Perhaps Pre-Arch. had

πίνακα καὶ εἰσελθὼν εἴσω (21) «διατελέσαι ἐπιθύων καὶ (20)

XVIII 6*: τοῦ κναφέως is suspect. It ought to be dative, and the κναφεύς, if expressed, should have come in the pre- vious clause. Pre-Arch. had

οὗ ἂν 7 ἄξιος ἐγγυητής, καὶ (22) ὅταν ἥκῃ τις αἰτησόμενος (22)

and Arch. changed οὗ ἂν to ὅταν by πβλ. With ὃς for ὡς above (Salm.) this is now good Greek (see note).

XX 9*: The remarks only have point if they are made when he is another’s guest. Pre-Arch. may have had τδιον ἄνθρωπον λαβεῖν. (18) «ἑστιώμενος δὲ εἰπεῖν» (18)

ΧΧΙῚ 95 ; Pre-Arch. probably had αὐτῷ μνῆμα ποιῆσαι (17) καὶ στηλίδιον ἀναστήσας (21)

whence Arch. wrote στηλίδιον ποιήσας by πβλ.

XXI11: Pre-Arch. probably had

διοικήσασθαι mapa τῶν (19) πρυτανέων

with σὺν in margin, whence it was wrongly attached by Arch. to διοικήσασθαι.

XXIII 6*: It is as if we should say ‘I gave A, B, C and D £50 apiece, E and F £25 apiece, and G, H, I, J and K £10 apiece,—in all £300 ᾿ (see note). Pre-Arch. probably had

ἕνα αὐτῶν, καὶ ποσῶν (16) αὐτὰς καθ᾽ ἑξακοσίας (17) «καὶ κατὰ τριακοσίας» (17)

καὶ κατὰ μνᾶν καὶ προ- (17) στιθεὶς

22

INTRODUCTION

XXIV 2*: Pre-Arch. seems to have had τῷ σπεύδοντι ἀπὸ δείπνου (19) («ἐντυγχάνειν αὐτῷ» (16) ἐντεύξεσθαι φάσκειν (18) ἐν τῷ περιπατεῖν" καὶ (18). XXVII 15*: Arch. seems to have telescoped Meister’s reading woweyyuvoyuvackes (17) into ὠὡσινεγγυναικεσ, which was corrected in such a way that v could not read it and wrote ὦσι... γυναῖκ...

XXX 13 *: Pre-Arch. seems to have had

πρὸς τρόπου πωλεῖν: (16) ἐπιβαλὼν ἀποδόσθαι (17) and Arch. changed πωλεῖν to πωλεῖσθαι by πβλ.

(b) Emendations involving the 11-12 letter line :

II 8: If the words in question occupied a line of Arch. the last letters may have been written small, and this would account for the variants mpoonyye\xa, προσήγγελκας, and προσήγγελκά σε.

XX δὰ; If, as seems likely, the mss other than V lost a part (cd) or the whole (m) of this § by 7B) of καί, it prob- ably filled a certain number of lines in Arch.; and yet 27 letters is rather too much for 2 lines and too little for 3; emendations of πανουργιῶν should therefore lengthen it. I suggest that Arch. had

[| al ὑποκορίζε- (12) σθαι ποππύζων (12) om. m kal mavoupyy- (11) om. σὰ - μάτιον (or -ματίδιον) τοῦ (9 or 11) πάππου καλῶν. (11

καὶ ἐσθίων δὲ (11). XX 7*: Here CD read με ἔτικτες and V ἔτικτές με, and CD omit ei7.—xai and read ws ποίᾳ ἡμέρᾳ for V’s τίς ἡμέρα 23

THEOPHRASTUS

(see note). Moreover, CD omit the § καὶ ὑπέρ κτὰ before the ὃ καὶ ὅτι κτλ. I suggest that Arch. had - εἰπέ “ol, @> μάμ- DEG ate δ᾽ ek (10) τ καί με ἔτικτες (12) ποία τις ἡμέρα (2) καὶ ὑπὲρ αὐτῆς (12). XX 8*: Arch. probably had ὡς ἡδύ ἐστι καὶ (12) «ἀλγεινόν, καὶ; (11) ἀμφότερα δὲ (10).

(c) Emendations involving both units :

V1I3*: Arch. seems to have had ὀρχεῖσθαι νή- (11) φων τὸν κόρ- (9) δακα καὶ προσω- (12) πεῖον ἔχων ἐν (11) κωμικῷ χορῷ (19) with περιάγειν ἐν τῷ θεάτρῳ in the margin, this having been dropped by the first hand by 78 from Pre-Arch., which had ἔχων ἐν κωμικῷ xopg (18). περιάγειν ἐν τῷ θεάτρῳ (21). The marginal adscript was apparently illegible when Arch. was copied by all but m. ἀνασεσυρμένος (above) and ὀρχεῖσθαι

were dropped by m and added in marg., whence a later ancestor of M put them in in the wrong place.

VIII 2*: I suggest that Pre-Arch. had

καὶ πῶς ἔχεις ; καὶ ἔχεις τι (21)

περὶ τοῦδε εἰπεῖν καινόν; (21)

and that Arch. telescoped the first line into καὶ ἔχεις τι, adding καὶ πῶς ἔχεις in marg.; the marginal ἔχεις was after- wards corrected by an overwritten \éyers which was wrongly taken as a correction of the ἔχεις which remained in the text;

24

INTRODUCTION in re-inserting καὶ πῶς ἔχεις the ancestor of CDH dropped πῶς (by 8X with the line above ?). Thus Arch. would have

(10) (11)

καὶ ἔχεις τι περὶ τοῦδε εἰ- πεῖν καινόν;

λέγεις καὶ πῶς ἔχεις

which ab made into καὶ λέγεις τί καὶ πῶς ἔχεις κτλ, and the others into λέγεις τί καὶ ἔχεις κτλ.

XXI 14 (V 8)*: I suggest, in this extremely difficult passage, that Pre-Arch. had

ξένοις δὲ

συνεργεῖν ἐπιστάλματα

καὶ ἅλας εἰς Βυζάντιον

(20) (19) (17) (20) (20)

καὶ Λακωνικὰς κύνας

εἰς Κύζικον πέμπειν καὶ μέλι Ὑμήττιον εἰς Ῥόδον,

which Arch. copied thus

ξένοις δὲ

καὶ ἅλας συνεργεῖν ἐπι- (12 εἰς Βυζάντιον στάλματα καὶ (11) Λακωνικὰς κύ- (11)

πέμπειν vas εἰς Κύζικον (13)

καὶ μέλι Ὑμήτ- (11)

τιον εἰς Ῥόδον. (19).

m, copying first (see below), could read συνεργεῖν but not the whole of καὶ ἅλας εἰς Βυζάντιον, which he therefore omitted ; the others could no longer read συνεργεῖν, but accepted the legible part of the adscript, viz. εἰς Βυζάντιον, as a correction of it. Hence M reads ἕένοις δὲ συνεργεῖν Λακωνικὰς κύνας KT, ἐπιστάλματα being dropped as unnecessary by the epitomator; and the others read févas δὲ εἰς Βυζάντιον ἐπιστάλματα καὶ Λακωνικὰς κύνας κτλ. The Papyrus (see Ῥ. 11 7.) copied a text which had lost ἐπιστάλματα as well as καὶ ἅλας εἰς Βυζάντιον but included πέμπειν, which standing doubtless in the margin of Arch. (having been omitted by the first hand because it comes in the middle of a list of accusatives) appears in M before, in C after, εἰς Κύζικον, and was (1) copied into the margin of cd, where D neglected it, (2) neglected by abe, etc.

20

THEOPHRASTUS

XXI16(V 10) *: I suggest that Pre-Arch. had αὐτὸς ἐν τοῖς ἀποδεί- (17) ἕξεσιν ὕστερον ἐπεισι- (18) έναι ἤδη συγκαθημένων (19) ἵν᾽ εἴπῃ τῶν θεωμένων (18)

πρὸς τὸν ἕτερον ὅτι τού- (19) του ἐστὶν ἡ παλαίστρα. (18). Arch. lost -έναι ἤδη συγκαθημένων by πβλὰ and read av-

τὸς ἐν Tots ἀπο- (12)

δείξεσιν ὕστε- ἐπι (12)

ρον ἔπεισιν εἴ- (12)

πῃ τῶν θεωμέ- (11)

νων πρὸς τὸν (10)

ἕτερον ὅτι τού- (19)

του ἐστὶν ἡ (9)

παλαίστρα. P? and the ancestor of Pre-Arch. had already lost ὁ ἕτερος before πρὸς τὸν ἕτερον : P’s insertion of τις and omission of πρὸς τὸν ἕτερον are apparently an emendation of Philo- demus or his authority. The ἐπὶ which apparently stood in the margin of Arch. as a correction of ἀποί(δείξεσιν) was taken by the ancestor of ABe as a correction of the now unintelligible εἴπῃ: CDe kept εἴπῃ and changed it to εἰπεῖν, taking ἐπι rightly as a correction of ἀπο(δείξεσιν).

I now recur to the Stemma. The question arises, if all mss but the Papyri come from the divided 11-12 letter exemplar (Arch.), why have M and CD lost so much in the latter half of the book (8)? Much of M’s loss is of course due to the epitomator, but some, in all probability, to M’s unepitomized ancestor m.

After v was made, 8” became divided at many points. Some pieces were lost for good. The large piece containing XVI-XXVIII (8,) was apparently missing when abe (see below) was made. One of the smaller pieces, however, that

« The Papyrus, > Or q (see p. 12 note δ). 26

INTRODUCTION

containing XXX 5-16 (83) was inserted in a? (after Char. X1) before any of the ancestors of ABCDEM were copied. The ancestor of M (m) and that of CD (cd, see below) come from a plus the recovered, but not everywhere legible or unmutilated, £,.

That m was made before any of the others (except of course v) is indicated by some if not all of the following readings of M :

III 1 οὐ καιρίων ἤ, 5 τὰ (bef. ᾿Απατούρια), LV 11 (rer, VI 6 κέραμον, 3 περιάγειν ἐν θεάτρῳ, IX 3 που κεκλημένος, ἢ τοὺς (bef. χρήσαντας), X 13 ὀλάς, XIIL 5 τὴν ὁδὸν καταλιπών, ΧΧΙ 1ὅ (Ὁ 7) Sch. Ταραντινικόν, In β, m’s unique readings— XVI 10 ἡμερῶν, XVII 1 τις, XVIII 2 ἐπιπέμπειν, 4 omit τὴν θύραν, XX 2 συλλαλῇ, 4 Bnuaricy—are not shared by V, and it is possible that most of them originated with the epitomator ; but βηματίσῃ, at any rate, must have stood as an old variant in β᾽5 text or margin and been rejected by υ.Ὁ Itshould also be noted that in XVI M has two passages, 8 κἂν γλαῦκες---ταράττεσθαι, and 10 τετράσι---ἡμερῶν which are lost in wider gaps by CD.

All this seems to indicate (1) that 8, was recovered torn and worm-eaten, (2) that it had suffered rather less mutilation when mwas made. It is thus prob- able that m was made from «(+ 3) +, before any ancestor of ABCDE copied it.

I now pass on to CD. ‘That these two families had a common ancestor derived from a(+,)+ 2, seems to be proved by the gaps. Inf they always coincide in these as compared with V or M, and there is nothing to belie it in their readings. In a, neither has any considerable gap as compared with the other

@ Or p (see p. 12 noted).

ὃ For old (?) variants in the mss of the other works of T. ef. a note in Parisiensis (P) of the Hist. Plant. Wimmer (1842) p. xviii.

27

THEOPHRASTUS

mss, but their shared errors, e.g. διεγείρειν XIII 5, βουλεύεσθαι 9, and the order Proem-Index instead of Index-Proem, are sufficient to indicate a common ancestry despite a few differences which may be ascribed to old variants in a :

I 1 C τὸ (so M), II 5 © μικρόν, LV 11 C λαμβάνων (M δεχόμενος), XXI 14 (V 8) ¢ πέμπειν (so P, Ambr. P, and M).

The losses of this ancestor (which I call cd) in β, as compared with v, seem to be due to the following

causes :—

(a) parablepsia (3). e.g. XVI 4 iepwov εὐθύς, XX 9 καὶ τοὺς φίλους--ἐμπλῆσαι, XXI 6 καὶ κολοιῴ---πηδήσεται, XXIV 4 τὰς διαίτας---σχολάζειν, XXVI 5 καὶ ws θαυμάζω---διδόντος : (ὁ) some of these, since it is hard to see how πβλ should create gaps of 6-8 ll. in a column of 12-13 ll., may well be due to designed shortening, not necessarily from a desire to abridge, but because the partial mutilation of a § or §§ had put the passage beyond the scribe’s powers of emendation ; (c) mutilation of 8, e.g. XXI 9 Μελιταίου, XX 9 ὥστε eivar— σκευάζων, XXVII 4 καὶ ἐπ᾽ οὐράν--- δικάζεσθαι (3 cols. of 11, 11, 12 ll.); (d) the designed omission of incomprehensible passages, 6.5. XVI 2 ἐπιχρωνῆν, XXV 3 πεζῆ ἐκβοηθοῦντός τε, XXVII 11 καὶ ἕνδεκα λιταῖς---συναύξοντας. Gaps of a column and over would perhaps generally indicate absolute separation, but the preservation, for the most part, of the right sequence of §§ makes it necessary to suppose, despite the help doubtless got from the indices, that some of these large gaps were not actually missing from the recovered §,, but wholly or partly illegible; a medieval scribe would probably merely omit such passages. I may add here that somewhere in the C-tradition there was an exemplar of about 21 letters to the line; see gaps or transpositions of some C mssiat DV 7,.Ve5; Vile 3S; aos Se

I now take A and Band the class E. The relations of the E-class have yet to be worked out. Mean-

@ For the Ambrosian mss see Bassi, Riv, di Filol, xxvi. 493 28

INTRODUCTION

while it may be said that it is highly probable that A and B had a common ancestor (ab), and that they share an ancestor (abe) with some of the E-class appears from Ambr. P’s τούτοις τοῖς in VI 4, ἐκ- βαλλούσης (AB ἐκβαλούσης) and τοσαύτας in X 6 and 7.

Indications of an A— se tradition appear in ἐμπεσὼν λόγος II 2, ἔσχες and the position of ἔχεις 3, διαψιθυρίζειν 11, τὸ δεῖπνον III 2. For a B-se tradition ¢f. veorria (accent) II 6 (so Ambr. C), ἀνασυρόμενος XI 2. Suggestions of a cd—>e tradition occur in II 4 ἄκοντος, XIII 4 διεγείρειν. XXI 16 (V 10) εἰπεῖν : and of a c— se tradition in IV 9 ἐκπακούσαι, VII 9 κακωλύσαι. Some of the above identities may of course be due to contamination.

It is at any rate evident that E is not really a family, but a class composed of all I-XV mss 4 other than A and B. An entirely independent £-tradition seems indicated by :—

Proem title mpofewpia (Ambr. E), I] 6 ἀπίδια, 8 προσήγγελκά ce, VIL 3 ἀφορμάς, X 8 ἐᾶσαι, XIV 6 τι (Ambr. E and I, with M). Ambr. P’s ὁπόσας in X 3 points to abe’s having had in the margin an o which its ancestor, in common with A and B, wrongly prefixed to συσσιτῶν, but, unlike them, also copied into the margin, whence an intermediate exemplar prefixed it to πόσας.

To sum up, in the present state of our knowledge it may be said that the value of AB has been ex- aggerated at the expense of CD and M. The Epitome, particularly, has generally been under- estimated—probably because it is an epitome, though surely where an epitome gives a longer or clearly better reading than the unabridged mss it is the

7 A few have less; strictly, of course, A and B belong to this class.

29

THEOPHRASTUS

more deserving of credit. Some of the mss of the E-class appear to deserve closer attention than they have hitherto received. V_ has long, and rightly, been accorded first place ; but even here a warning is needed—YV is not v. Whether, as Navarre thinks, our mss and papyri have a common ancestor in a recension of Andronicus, is at present an open ques- tion. If traces of the 18-letter line are found in the textual tradition of the other Peripatetic books it will make it probable.* Meanwhile it may be said that the displacements are in his favour, though if he were right we should expect the Characters to share codices not with various works of the rhetoricians but with the rest of the writings precious to the Peripatetics. However, this may be an accident of their later history.

The following Stemma seems to me to account best for the facts. If the reader prefers the doctrine of a double position for XXX §§ 5-16° to that of its trans- ference, it nill not greatly affect my main contentions. For even if the 12-13 line column be rejected—and that does not necessarily folloW—the two line-units will stand, and it is on them that the emendations made on pp. 21-26 are founded.

@ For the early history of T.’s books see, besides Strab. 609, the note at the end of the Frag. of his (?) Metaphysics,

ap. Fabric. iii. 444. » See above, p. 12, and note a.

30

ὙΒΕΟΡΗΚΑΒΎΟΒΣ

facing p. 30 Receusion of Andronicus ? cent. i. B.O, a ἜΣ: es 4 Various Papyri cent. i B.C.-iii A.D, 17-letter Pre-Archetype EEG Gaines 11-letter Archetype 12-13 lines to col. papyrus-roll cent. v, ef. xv. 11 ἢ (ἢ); purposely divided into Pp qd Complete Index rani XV—XXX and Proeom—XV without Index = SS = a B SS

Ist half-Index and 2nd half-Index and a

Proem—XV ; XV—XXX ——

a copy of Bs* eventually split into many ἜΞΞ. eventually added parts which may be SS

after ΧῚ classified thus pe a By Bo βε" βι 2 ——— 2nd half-Index XXIX—XXX§4 §§5—16 §17—end =~ 2: and XVI—X XVIII lost parts lost ὀ ἰοβί = parts lost ΣΕ τ ἘΣ ve Sa XVI—X XX (no Index) Le ate —— Ii-letter and 12-13 live Se 7 SSS abe 1st half- m Index and Proom—XV full Index and Proom—X XVIII 11-Jetter (XXII?)

11-letter and 12-13 line

ab 11-letter. NS ΠΝ va cd 7 Ee Proem and full Index—X XVIII

B cent. xi 11-letter

A cent. xi Ses wae

τι D Vv ~ ; Proem and Index—X XIII XVI—XXX (no Index) ΄“ cent, xili-xvi cent, xiii-xiv ed δ -Ξ 2: i a ayaa inlelé came M (Epit.) eh (Index and) Proem and Index—X XVIII full Index and Proem—XX1 Proem—XV cent. Xv-xvi cent. XV

cent. xiii-xvi

1 There has probably been some contamination in Ε.

' CT

Γ. tebe εἰ

᾿ j vary 7% alcitten Me sae ": Pa . ® ἐφ

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Editiones Principes: The Characters were not all re- covered till the year 1786. Characters I-XV were first published by W. Pirckheymer at Nuremberg in 1527, XVI-XXIII by G. B. Camozzi at Venice in 1552, XXIII- XXVIII by Casaubon, in his 2nd edition, at Leyden in 1559, XXIX-XXX by J. C. Amaduzzi at Parma in 1786.

Books useful to the student :—

Theophrasts Charaktere herausgegeben erklirt und iiber- setzt von der PurtoLociscneN GESELLSCHAFT ZU Leipzig 1897 (with an introduction by Ὁ. Immiscu marking an epoch in the history of the text).

Theophrasti Characteres recensuit H. Diets, Oxonii 1909 (text and textual introduction only).

The Characters of Theophrastus, an English Translation from a Revised Text, with Introduction and Notes, by R. C. Jess, re-edited by J. E. Sanpys, London, 1909.

Teofrasto I Caratteri a cura di G. Pasquari (Biblioteca di Classici Greci), Firenze, 1919 (text and transla- tion).

Théophraste Caractéres Texte et Traduction par O. Navarre (Budé), Paris, 1920.

Théophraste Caractéres Commentaire, by the same (in the same series), Paris, 1924.

Theophrasti Characteres edidit Ὁ. Inmiscu, Lipsiae (Teubner), 1923 (text with brief textual introduction and apparatus criticus).

onl

THEOPHRASTUS

For the text by far the best guide is Immisch. For the commentary I should recommend the Leipzig Society plus Navarre. For introductory matter other than textual, e.g. comparison with Aristotle, and Theophrastus’ English imitators, see Jebb-Sandys. In dealing with the text it should be remembered that the discovery of the Papyri has altered the situation in favour of Immisch and against Diels. A full bibliography could be compiled by com- bining Jebb-Sandys and Immisch. At the time of writing Dr. Pasquali’s expected editio maior has not come out.

32

ALPHABETICAL INDEX OF THE

CHARACTERS

COMPARATIVE

THIS EDITION

PAGE Arrogance . 102 . Back biting pong ers Boorishness Ξ Ξ . 48. Buffoonery. - : ΘΒ Cowardice. Ξ pe LOLs Dissembling : τ so 9 - Distrustfulness Ξ ΕΣ ὦ" Flattery . > cig FAD Friendship with Haveals LLG’ 2 Garrulity . Ξ - ee re Tll-breeding 5 : AY = Loquacity . - - τὶ δοὺς Meanness . : - £20: Nastiness . - - stg BC? Newsmaking . . - 60. Officiousness . - ΕΣ Oligarchy . 108 . Opsimathy or Late-learning 110 . Penuriousness . Β st ς Petty Pride - Ε e822

Pretentiousness 5 pi DSK

Querulousness or Grumbling 82

Self-seeking Affability . 50. Stupidity . - = pe Ne Superstitiousness . = Sas Surliness . 2 Se = Griconscinnablencas! By MODs Tactlessness . 70.

Wilful BineputeBieneast 52°:

34

INDEX OF TITLES

JEBB PAGE (1870) (1909)

Arrogance . St 48 Evil-speaking 138 110 Boorishness 116 84 Grossness . 126 96 Cowardice . 125 184 Irony. : 90 50 Distrustfulness. 144 116 Flattery 80 38 Patronising of eeeaies The 170 154 Garrulity . 128 100 Unpleasantness 110 79 Loquacity . 180 108 Avarice 184 128 Offensiveness 112 80 Newsmaking 134 106 Officiousness 108 76 Oligarchical Temper, The 166 148 Late-learning 102 70 Penuriousness 146 118 Petty Ambition . 98 60 Boastfulness 94 54 . Grumbling. 142 114 Complaisance 84 42 Stupidity 114 82 Superstition 162 138 Surliness 86 44 Shamelessnes 120 88 Unseasonableness 106 74 Recklessness 122 92

ΘΕΟΦΡΑΣΤΟΥ͂ XAPAKTHPQN

Εἰρωνείας. Κολακείας. ᾿Αδολεσχίας ᾿Αγροικίας. 3 /

εσκείας. Ap ᾿Απονοίας Λαλιᾶς Λογοποιΐας 3 / Αναισχυντίας Μικρολογίας Βδελυρίας ᾿Ακαιρίας

/

Hepuepyias . ᾿Αναισθησίας

Αὐθαδείας.

ΠΙΝΑΞ

a’ | Δεισιδαιμονίας

β΄ Μεμψιμοιρίας

γ΄ ᾿Απιστίας

δ΄ Δυσχερείας

ε΄ ᾿Αηδίας : σ΄ Μικροφιλοτιμίας. ζ΄ ᾿Ανελευθερίας

η΄ ᾿Αλαζονείας

θ΄ Ὑπερηφανίας

ι΄ Δειλίας ια΄ ᾿Ολιγαρχίας ιβ΄ ᾿Οψιμαθίας. vy’ Κακολογίας ιδ΄ Φιλοπονηρίας

ιε΄ Αἰσχροκερδείας

35

O@EO®PAXTOT XAPAKTHPE>

IT[POOEQPIA*

Ἤδη μὲν Kal πρότερον ἐπιστήσας τὴν διάνοιαν > / ww A > \ / 4 ἐθαύμασα, ἴσως δὲ οὐδὲ παύσομαι θαυμάζων, ,ὔ Μ 9 ὃ 7] ~ “EAA [ὃ ε A y > A τί apa? δήποτε τῆς ἄδος ὑπὸ τὸν αὐτὸν ἀέρα κειμένης καὶ πάντων τῶν Ἑλλήνων ὁμοίως παιδευομένων, συμβέβηκεν ἡμῖν οἷς τὴν αὐτὴν ἔχειν τάξιν τῶν τρόπων. ἐγὼ οὖν, ὦ ΙΠολύκλεις, συνθεωρήσας ἐκ πολλοῦ χρόνου τὴν ἀνθρωπίνην φύσιν, καὶ βεβιωκὼς ἔτη ἐνενήκοντα ἐννέα, ἔτι δὲ ὡμιληκὼς πολλαῖς τε καὶ παντοδαπαῖς φύσεσι καὶ παρατεθεάμενος ἐξ ἀκριβείας πολλῆς, τούς τε ἀγαθοὺς τῶν ἀνθρώπων καὶ τοὺς φαύλους ε / ~ 74 a a 5 > ~ ὑπέλαβον δεῖν συγγράψαι ἃ ἕκαστοι αὐτῶν

TITLE OF BOOK: Π155 Θεοφράστου χαρακτῆρες (ἰδιωμάτων), Diog. Laert. v. 47-8 ἠθικοὶ χαρ. a, xap. ἦθ.: for χαρ. ef. Men. 72 K(ock) 1 only in 6: if anything it would probably be called in Hellenistic times Προοίμιον, ef. Aristotle’s Dialogues ap. Cic. Att. iv. 16. 2 2 Madv: mss yap 3 mss γάρ (from below 3) 4 καὶ βεβ. to ἐννέα (we should expect ἅτε for καί), or to πολλῆς (ἐξ is

strange and φύσεσι after φύσιν clumsy), is probably inter- polated 5 only M: others ἑκάτεροι

36

THHEOPHRASTUS THE CHARACTERS LETTER DEDICATORY

I wave often marvelled, when I have given the matter my attention, and it may be I shall never cease to marvel, why it has come about that, albeit the whole of Greece lies in the same clime and all Greeks have a like upbringing,* we have not the same constitution of character. I therefore, Polycles, having observed human nature a long time (for I have lived ninety years and nine? and moreover had converse with all sorts of dispositions and compared them with great diligence), have thought it incumbent upon me to write in a book the manners of each several

2 Speaking generally, as we might of Europeans compared with Africans; ¢f. Zeno’s book On Greek Education.

> If the preface is the work of Theophrastus, this reference to his age must be corrupt or interpolated (cf. Zeno, Diog. L. vii. 28) ; perhaps all within the brackets is spurious; there was a Polycles, adviser of Eurydice, wife of Arrhidaeus, Introd. p. 5.

37

THEOPHRASTUS

3 ἐπιτηδεύουσιν ἐν τῷ βίῳ. ἐκθήσω δέ σοι κατὰ γένος ὅσα τε τυγχάνει γένη τρόπων τούτοις προσκείμενα καὶ ὃν τρόπον τῇ οἰκονομίᾳ χρῶνται" ὑπολαμβάνω γάρ, ὦ Ἰ]Πολύκλεις, τοὺς υἱεῖς ἡμῶν βελτίους ἔσεσθαι καταλειφθέντων αὐτοῖς ὑπο- μνημάτων τοιούτων, οἷς παραδείγμασι χρώμενοι αἱρήσονται τοῖς εὐσχημονεστέροις" συνεῖναί τε

\ « ~ a \ 7ὔ > >] ~ καὶ ὁμιλεῖν, ὅπως μὴ καταδεέστεροι Wow αὐτῶν.

ts

τρέψομαι δὲ ἤδη ἐπὶ τὸν λόγον: σὸν δὲ παρ- ακολουθῆσαί τε εὐμαθῶς" καὶ εἰδῆσαι" εἰ ὀρθῶς λέγω.

Πρῶτον μὲν οὖν ποιήσομαι τὸν λόγον ἀπὸ ~ \ / 3 7 4 > / > ΑΝ \ τῶν τὴν χείρον᾽ atpeow* ἐζηλωκότων, ἀφεὶς TO

προοιμιάζεσθαι καὶ πολλὰ ἔξω τοῦ πράγματος

σι

λέγειν: καὶ ἄρξομαι πρῶτον ἀπὸ τῆς εἰρωνείας \ « ~ > / sf? Ὁ \ wy”

Kal ὁδριοῦμαι αὐτήν, εἶθ᾽ οὕτως τὸν εἴρωνα , AL , ᾽ \ ᾽ , , διέξειμι, ποῖός Tis ἐστι Kal εἰς τίνα τρόπον / \ \ ” \ ~ jf} κατήνεκται: Kal τὰ ἄλλα δὴ τῶν παθημάτων, σ΄ «ε / / \ / A ὥσπερ ὑπεθέμην, πειράσομαι κατὰ γένος φανερὰ

4 6 καθιστάναι. 1 only M: others -τάτοις ΞΡ cf. Sesch. 1: UlG-mss ὀρθῶς (introd. p. 17) 8. Arist. Hth. WN. viii. 3. 8 al. 4 Biich.- H, cf. i. 7 and Nicol. 1. 20 (cf. 13) K: mss τὴν

εἰρωνείαν 5 E's mss περὶ 6 mss also ἐπεθέμην and καταστῆσαι

98

CHARACTERS

kind of men both good and bad.* And you shall have set down sort by sort the behaviour proper to them and the fashion of their life; for I am persuaded, Polycles, that our sons will prove the better men if there be left them such memorials as will, if they imitate them. make them choose the friendship and converse of the better sort, in the hope they may be as good as they. But now to my tale ; and be it yours to follow with understanding and see if I speak true.

First, then, I shall dispense with all preface and with the saying of much that is beside the mark, and treat of those that have pursued the worser way of life,» beginning with Dissembling and the definition of it, and without more ado recount the nature of the Dissembler and the ways to which he is come; and thereafter I shall endeavour, as I purposed to do, to make clear the other affections each in its own place.

@ Or ‘of either kind of men.’

> This, particularly, implies the project of a second volume containing good Characters, which may have existed in antiquity (Introd. p- 7), and is no certain argument against the genuineness of the Proem as a whole; the use of μὲν οὖν at the beginning of Char. i. shows that, if lost, a genuine preface or prefatory sentence was once here, cf. Xen. Mem., Arist. Mag. Mor., Oec., Rhet., Cic. Att. iv. 16. 2; for such a preface, spurious (?) but not necessarily very ἜΣ cf. that to [Arist.] Rhet. Alex., known to Ath. (xi. 508 a), and Mund. ; Aristippus (died 350) dedicated his history of Libya to Dionysius (Diog. L. ii. 83), ef. Arcesilaus and Eumenes, ibid. iv. 38; cf. also iv. 14, vii. 185, and the list of Chrysippus’s works; it may be noted that τὲ occurs five times here and only four or five times elsewhere ; but the style of the preface might well be rather different ; in any case it is not typically Byzantine.

39

τ

τ»

Co

THEOPHRASTUS

EIPQNEIA® A’

« A “ἣν > , δό nn“ Φφ « > Η μὲν οὖν εἰρωνεία δόξειεν av εἶναι, ὡς ἐν τύπῳ περιλαβεῖν, προσποίησις ἐπὶ τὸ χεῖρον" πράξεων καὶ λόγων, ὁ δὲ εἴρων τοιοῦτός τις, a A ~ > ~ > aN ~ » οἷος προσελθὼν τοῖς ἐχθροῖς ἐθέλειν λαλεῖν οὐ μισεῖν," καὶ ἐπαινεῖν παρόντας οἷς ἐπέθετο λάθρα, «καὶ πρὸς οὗς ἀντιδικεῖ)" καὶ τούτοις συλ- λυπεῖσθαι ἡττωμένοις ὡς δὴ πάσχουσι κακῶς."

΄- A ~ Kal συγγνώμην δὲ ἔχειν τοῖς αὐτὸν κακῶς λέγουσι, ~ ~ > ~

καὶ emicyeAadv>*® τοῖς καθ᾽ ἑαυτοῦ λεγομένοις" καὶ πρὸς τοὺς ἀδικουμένους καὶ ἀγανακτοῦντας πράως διαλέγεσθαι: καὶ τοῖς ἐντυγχάνειν κατὰ : A / / > ~ \ σπουδὴν βουλομένοις προστάξαι ἐπανελθεῖν: καὶ A = / e δὴ ~ LAAG ~ Μ 6

μηδὲν ὧν πράττει ὁμολογῆσαι ἀλλὰ φῆσαι ἔτι

v4 βουλεύεσθαι: Kat προσποιήσασθαι ἄρτι παραγε- / ety \ ͵ὔ θ > ~ oF A aA An yovevat, kat ope γενέσθαι adTav,’ καὶ μαλακισθῆναι: Kat πρὸς τοὺς δανειζομένους καὶ ἐρανίζοντας «εἰπεῖν ὡς οὐ πλουτεῖ, καὶ πωλῶν» ὡς οὐ πωλεῖ, καὶ μὴ πωλῶν φῆσαι πωλεῖν: καὶ ἀκούσας τι μὴ - > ~

προσποιεῖσθαι, Kat ἰδὼν φῆσαι μὴ ἑωρακέναι, καὶ ὁμολογήσας μὴ μεμνῆσθαι: καὶ τὰ μὲν σκέ-

10 , See δ Χ δὲ ΄ ψεσθαι φάσκειν, τὰ δὲ οὐκ εἰδέναι, τὰ δὲ θαυμά-

A > ” \ ‘ > A “ /

lew, τὰ δ᾽ ἤδη ποτὲ Kai αὐτὸς οὕτω διαλογίσασθαι. καὶ τὸ ὅλον δεινὸς τῷ τοιούτῳ τρόπῳ τοῦ λόγου 1 «καὶ ἐπὶ τὸ ἔλαττον» ἢ 2 for μισεῖν cf. Ar. Eccl. 502,

Dem. 54. 26, and for οὐ rather than καὶ οὐ Men. Pk. 867; but Nav. λαθεῖν ὅτι μισεῖ is perhaps right, cf. M ἐνδείκνυσθαι

οὐ μισεῖν 3 Κα, introd. p. 21 4 EF, from Μ καὶ συνάχθεσθαι πάσχουσι κακῶς ἢ ἡττημένοις ; other mss omit ὡς - -- κακῶς SET δ only M 7 Es: mss αὐτόν 8 Ribb.-F ® of. Lys. 13. 75, Men. 179 K τ Cash

cf. Men. 460 K: mss σκέψασθαι, ἐσκέφθαι 49

CHARACTER I

I, DISSEMBLING

Now Dissembling would seem, to define it generally, to be an affectation of the worse α in word and deed ; and the Dissembler will be disposed rather to go up to an enemy and talk with him than to show his hatred ; he will praise to his face one he has girded at behind his back; he will commiserate even his adversary’s ill-fortune in losing his case to him. More, he will forgive his vilifiers, and will laugh in approval of what is said against him ; ἢ to such as are put upon and resent it he will speak blandly ; ¢ any that are in haste to see him are bidden go back home. He never admits he is doing a thing, but avows he’s still thinking of doing it; and makes pretences, as that he’s but now come upon the scene, or joined the company late, or was ill abed. If you are borrowing of your friends and put him under contribution, he will tell you he is but a poor man ; when he would sell you anything, no, it is not for sale; when he would not, why then it is. He pretends he has not heard when he hears, and says he has not seen when he sees; and when he has admitted you right he avers he has no remembrance of it. He'll look into this, doesn’t know that, is surprised at the other; this again is just the con- clusion he once came to himself. He is for ever

« And the less ? » Reading uncertain. ο Cf. Xen. An. i. 5. 14 (Nav.). 41

wo

THEOPHRASTUS

χρῆσθαι: Οὐ πιστεύω: Ody ὑπολαμβάνω: ᾿Ἐκ- πλήττομαι: Λέγεις αὐτὸν ἑαυτοῦ ἕτερον γεγονέναι" > \ > ~ \ > A ὃ / 2 ΄, / Od μὴν οὐ ταῦτα πρὸς ἐμὲ ιεξήει-" ἸΠαράδοξόν » e / 3 A μοι τὸ πρᾶγμα. Ἄλλῳ τινὶ λέγε: ᾿Ὁπότερον δὲ σοὶ ἀπιστήσω ἢ ἐκείνου καταγνῶ ἀποροῦμαι: ᾿Αλλ’ ὅρα μὴ σὺ θᾶττον πιστεύῃς."

KOAAKEIA® B’

\ / wy ,ὔ Τὴν δὲ κολακείαν ὑπολάβοι ἄν τις ὁμιλίαν ’ὔ ~ αἰσχρὰν εἶναι συμφέρουσαν δὲ τῷ κολακεύοντι, ~ ’ τὸν δὲ κόλακα τοιοῦτόν τινα, ὥστε ἅμα πορευό- > ~ > ~ e > / A A μενον εἰπεῖν" Ἐνθυμῇ ὡς ἀποβλέπουσι πρὸς σὲ οἱ ἄνθρωποι; τοῦτο δὲ οὐθενὶ τῶν ἐν τῇ πόλει A γίγνεται πλὴν σοί: ἢ Ηὐδοκίμεις χθὲς ἐν τῇ στοᾷ: πλειόνων γὰρ ἢ τριάκοντα ἀνθρώπων / / γ᾿ καθημένων καὶ ἐμπεσόντος λόγου τίς εἴη βέλτιστος, ~ \ » ~ ἀπ᾽ αὐτοῦ ἀρξαμένους πάντας ἐπὶ TO ὄνομα αὐτοῦ ~ \ ~ / > ~ κατενεχθῆναι. καὶ ἅμα" τοιαῦτα λέγων ἀπὸ τοῦ \ > A ἱματίου ἀφελεῖν κροκύδα, καὶ ἐάν τι πρὸς τὸ \ ~ τρίχωμα ὑπὸ πνεύματος προσενεχθῇ ἄχυρον, ~ «ς ~ καρφολογῆσαι, Kat ἐπιγελάσας δὲ εἰπεῖν: “Opdas; ~ ε ~ ~ ὅτι δυοῖν σοι ἡμερῶν οὐκ ἐντετύχηκα, πολιῶν δ ” Α ἔσχηκας τὸν πώγωνα μεστόν, καίπερ εἴ τις καὶ A \ 7 yf / ,ὔ ἄλλος πρὸς τὰ ἔτη ἔχεις" μέλαιναν τὴν τρίχα. 1 δ): mss καὶ λέγει αὐτὸν Er. yey. 2. Ambr. E: other mss καὶ μὴν οὐ κτλ. 3 Cob: mss. ὅπως * LATE ADDI- TION: (7) Τοιαύτας φωνὰς καὶ πλοκὰς καὶ παλιλλογίας εὑρεῖν ἔστι τοῦ εἴρωνος (mss ἐστιν οὐ χεῖρον ὄν and corr.)* ταῦτα δὴ τῶν ἠθῶν μὴ ἁπλᾶ ἀλλ᾽ ἐπίβουλα φυλάττεσθαι μᾶλλον δεῖ ἢ τοὺς ἔχεις. 5 Ef: mss πλὴν σοὶ, πλὴν ἢ σοὶ, ἤ σοι (ὶ.6. ἢ marg. arch.) 8 Needh: mss ἄλλα 7 mss add τῆς κεφαλῆς 8 mss also ἔχεις πρὸς Ta ἔτη (i.e. ἔχεις marg. arch.)

42

CHARACTERS I—II

saying such things as ‘I don’t believe it’; ‘I don’t understand’; ‘ You amaze me’; ‘If so, he must have changed ’ ; ‘ Well, that’s not what I was told’ ; *“ [never expected this ’ ; ‘ Don’t tell me’ ; ‘ Whether to disbelieve you or make a liar of Aim is more than I can tell’ ; ‘ Don’t you be too credulous.’

II. FLATTERY

Flattery might be understood to be a sort of converse that is dishonourable, but at the same time profitable, to him that flatters; and the Flatterer will say as he walks beside you “ Are you aware how people are looking at you?® No man in Athens gets such attention’; or this, ‘ You were the man of the hour yesterday in the Porch ; why, although there was more than thirty present,’ when the talk turned to who was the finest man there, the name that came to every lip both first and last was yours.’ And while he says such things as these, he picks a speck from your coat; or if so be a morsel of chaff be blown into your beard, plucks it out and then says with a smile “γε see? because you and I be not met a whole day, your beard’s full of grey hairs—though I own your hair is singularly dark of

“ LATE ADDITION: Such be the speeches, tricks, and retractions to which dissemblers resort. These disingenuous and designing characters are to be shunned Jike serpents.

» Cf. Men. 402 K ὁ. Or <ineAthens:,

4.3

THEOPHRASTUS

\ , \ ’ ~ \ ΝΜ ~ 4 καὶ λέγοντος δὲ αὐτοῦ τι τοὺς ἄλλους σιωπᾶν κελεῦσαι: καὶ ἐπαινέσαι δὲ ἀκούοντας" καὶ ἐπι- , SZ SN ΄ 2? θῶ \ σημήνασθαι δέ, ἐπὰν παύσηται, ᾿Ορθῶς: Kat - ς > σκώψαντι ψυχρῶς ἐπιγελάσαι TO TE ἱμάτιον ὦσαι ~ \ εἰς TO στόμα ὡς δὴ οὐ δυνάμενος κατασχεῖν TOV 5 γέλωτα. καὶ τοὺς ἀπαντῶντας μικρὸν ἐπιστῆναι ὁ κελεῦσαἩ ἕως ἂν αὐτὸς παρέλθῃ. καὶ τοῖς παιδίοις μῆλα καὶ ἀπίδια' πριάμενος εἰσενέγκας δοῦναι ὁρῶντος αὐτοῦ, καὶ φιλήσας δὲ εἰπεῖν" ~ \ 7 Χρηστοῦ πατρὸς νεόττια. Kal συνωνούμενος ἐπὶ «πισυγγίου» κρηπῖδας" τὸν πόδα φῆσαι εὐρυ- 8 θμότερον εἶναι τοῦ ὑποδήματος. καὶ πορευο- μένου πρός τινα τῶν φίλων προδραμὼν εἰπεῖν og \ \ ΝΜ, \ > if - ὅτι IIpos σὲ ἔρχεται, καὶ ἀναστρέψας ὅτι Τ[ροσ- ΄- / ἡγγελκά σε. ἀμέλει δὲ καὶ τὰ ἐκ τῆς γυναικείας ~ ~ A > ‘\ ~ 10 ἀγορᾶς διακονῆσαι δυνατὸς ἀπνευστί ὃ καὶ τῶν ἑστιωμένων πρῶτος ἐπαινέσαι τὸν οἶνον καὶ ~ ~ > / παρακειμένῳ" εἰπεῖν: “Os μαλακῶς ἐσθίεις, Kat ἄρας τι τῶν ἀπὸ. τῆς τραπέζης φῆσαι: Τουτὶ ἄρα ὡς χρηστόν ἐστι: καὶ ἐρωτῆσαι μὴ ῥιγοῖ, καὶ εἰ ἐπιβάλλεσθαι βούλεται, καὶ εἴ τι μὴ περι- στείλῃ αὐτόν: καὶ ταῦτα λέγων πρὸς τὸ οὖς ἔλα 1 , 1 yio> ea 3 λέ προσκύπτων" ψιθυρίζειν: καὶ εἰς ἐκεῖνον ἀποβλέπων

1 mss ἀκούοντος, ἄκοντος, ἀκούοντα 2 Foss: mss. εἰ παύσεται, εἰ παύσηται With ἡ Corr. to ε, εἰ παύεται 3 some mss omit μικρόν ὁ most mss ἀπίους, but cf. Geop. x. 74. 1 ὀπώρα. . οἷον δωράκινα μῆλα, ἀπίδια, δαμασκηνά 5 HE: mss ἐπικρηπῖδας, ἐπὶ κρηπῖδας (-idas) δ. mss also φῆσαι εἶναι (εἶναι φῆσαι) εὐρυθμ. (i.e. εἶναι marg. arch.) Stor omit σὲ, cf. Plat. Prot, 314 p fin: mss. also προσήγγελκας, -κα (intzod. p. 23) 8 some mss omit τῆς 9. Gronov.- Es: mss παρακειμένων, παραμένων 10 Μὴ: mss τι περιστ., and καὶ μὴν, καὶ μὴ (μή from marg. arch., whence it was intended to be added after τι) 1 Valek: mss -πίπτων

44.

CHARACTER II

your age.’ He will desire silence when his friend speaks, or praise the company for listening to him ; when he comes to a stop, he will cry in approbation “Quite right’; and if he make a stale jest will laugh, and stuff the corner of his cloak in his mouth as if he could not hold his merriment. Moreover, any man that comes their way is bidden stand awhile till the great one be gone past. He will buy apples and pears and bring them in for the children, and giving them before their father will kiss them and cry ‘ Chicks of a good strain.’* When he buys shoes with him at the cordwainer’s, he will tell him that the foot is shapelier than the shoe. And if he go visiting a friend of his he will run ahead and tell him he is coming, and then face round and say “1 have announced you.’ He is the man, you may be sure,? to go errands to the women’s market ὁ there and back without stopping for breath; and of all the guests will be first to praise the wine ; and will say in his patron’s ear ‘ You are eating nothing’ ; or picking up some of the food upon the table exclaim “How good this is, isn’t it?’ and will ask him whether he is not cold? and will he not have his coat on? and shall he not draw his skirts a little closer about him? and saying this, bend forward to whisper in his ear; and will speak to another with

@ Cf. Ar. Av. 767; probably a metaphor from fighting- cocks. NG Exaile

¢ Here were sold household requirements of all sorts (not specially feminine—a mistaken interpretation of Poll. x. 18).

45

11

bo

ww

o

THEOPHRASTUS

~ ΝΜ ~ A ~ A τὶ ra / τοῖς ἄλλοις λαλεῖν. καὶ τοῦ παιδὸς ἐν τῷ θεάτρῳ ἀφελόμενος τὰ προσκεφάλαια αὐτὸς ὑποστρῶσαι.

2 καὶ τὴν οἰκίαν φῆσαι εὖ ἠρχιτεκτονῆσθαι, καὶ

τὸν ἀγρὸν εὖ πεφυτεῦσθαι, καὶ τὴν εἰκόνα ὁμοίαν ae sal εἶναι.

ΑΔΟΛΕΣΧΙΑΣ I” Ἢ δὲ ἀδολεσχία ἐστὶ μὲν διήγησις λόγων οὐ

καιρίων ἢ μακρῶν καὶ ἀπροβουλεύτων,' ὁ δὲ ἀδολέσχης τοιοῦτός τις, οἷος ὧν" μὴ γιγνώσκει τῳ" παρακαθεζόμενος πλησίον, πρῶτον μὲν τῆς αὑτοῦ γυναικὸς εἰπεῖν ἐγκώμιον, εἶτα ὃ τῆς νυκτὸς εἶδεν ἐνύπνιον τοῦτο διηγήσασθαι, εἶθ᾽ ὧν εἶχεν ἐπὶ τῷ δείπνῳ τὰ καθ᾽ ἕκαστα διεξελθεῖν" εἶτα δὴ προχωροῦντος τοῦ πράγματος" λέγειν ὡς πολλῷ" πονηρότεροί εἰσιν οἱ νῦν ἄνθρωποι. τῶν ἀρχαίων, καὶ ὡς ἄξιοι γεγόνασιν ot πυροὶ ἐν τῇ ἀγορᾷ, καὶ ὡς πολλοὶ ἐπιδημοῦσι ξένοι, καὶ “τὴν θάλατταν ἐκ Διονυσίων πλόϊμον εἶναι, καὶ εἰ ποιήσειεν ὁ Ζεὺς ὕδωρ πλεῖον ,ἷ τὰ ἐν TH γῇ βελτίω ἔσεσθαι, καὶ ὃ ἀγρὸν" εἰς νέωτα γεωργήσει, καὶ ὡς χαλεπόν ἐστι τὸ ζῆν, καὶ ὡς Δάμιππος μυστηρίοις μεγίστην «τὴν.»" δᾷδα ἔστησεν, καὶ πόσοι εἰσὶ κίονες τοῦ ᾿Ωιδείου, καὶ Χθὲς ἤμεσα, καὶ Τίς ἐστιν ἡμέρα τήμερον; καὶ ὡς Βοηδρο- μιῶνος μέν ἐστι τὰ μυστήρια, [Πυανοψιῶνος" δὲ

1 LATE ADDITION: (13) Kai τὸ κεφάλαιον τὸν κόλακά ἐστι θεάσασθαι πᾶν λέ γοντα καὶ πράττοντα ᾧ χαριεῖσθαι ὑπολαμβάνει (mss πάντα and ᾧ, ἃ, οἷς) 2 οὐ καιρίων ἢ only in Μ 3. mss also ὃν 4 Ἔ: mss τούτῳ ΟΊ ΡΣ Mer: 323 5 mss also πολὺ 7 some mss omit 8 H(é is the crop): mss ὅτι ἀγρόν, ὃ (ὁ) ἀγρός, ὁ ἀγρὸς εἰ ὦ 10 mss Πυανεψ.

46

CHARACTERS II—III

his eye on his friend. He will take the cushions from the lackey at the theatre and place them for him himself. He will remark how tasteful is the style of his patron’s house; how excellent the planting of his farm ; how like him the portrait he has had made.¢

III. GARRULITY

Garrulity is the delivering of talk that is irrelevant, or long and unconsidered ; and the Garrulous man is one that will sit down close beside somebody he does not know,’ and begin talk with a eulogy of his own wife, and then relate a dream he had the night before, and after that tell dish by dish what he had for supper. As he warms to his work he will remark that we are by no means the men we were, and the price of wheat has gone down, and there’s a great many strangers in town, and that the ships will be able to put to sea after the Dionysia.° Next he will surmise that the crops would be all the better for some more rain, and tell him what he is going to grow on his farm next year, adding that it is difficult to make both ends meet, and Damippus’ torch was the largest set up at the Mysteries,’ and how many pillars there are in the Hall of Music, and

‘I vomited yesterday,’ and ἡ What day is it to-day δ᾽ and that the My steries are in September, and the

@ LATE ADDITION: In fine the flatterer may be observed to say and do any thing that he supposes will give pleasure.

» Perhaps in the ‘ Painted Porch,’ ¢f. ii. 2, and Alciphr. iil. 17. 2 (ili. 52).

4 Stale news; this is clearly winter, and the Eleusinian Mysteries were in Sept.-Oct.

47

ὧν

"»ὄ

oo ο

THEOPHRASTUS

\ > / 1 ὃ ~ δὲ ‘ 3 3 \ τὰ ᾿Απατούρια,, Iloowedvos δὲ τὰ κατ᾽ ἀγροὺς , 2 ΠΕΣ ΤΟΣ , aA ΝΞ ἢ 3 Διονύσια". Kav ὑπομένῃ Tis αὐτὸν μὴ ἀφίστασθαι.

ΑΓΡΟΙΚΙΑΣ Δ’

Ἢ δὲ ἀγροικία δόξειεν ἂν εἶναι ἀμαθία ἀσχήμων, ὁ δὲ ἀγροικος τοιοῦτός τις, οἷος κυκεῶνα πιὼν εἰς ἐκκλησίαν πορεύεσθαι, καὶ τὸ μύρον φάσκειν οὐδὲν τοῦ θύμου ἥδιον ὄζειν, καὶ μείζω τοῦ ποδὸς τὰ ὑποδήματα φορεῖν, καὶ μεγάλῃ τῇ φωνῇ λαλεῖν. καὶ τοῖς μὲν φίλ οις καὶ οἰκείοις ἀπιστεῖν, πρὸς δὲ τοὺς αὑτοῦ οἰκέτας ἀνακοινοῦσθαι περὶ τῶν μεγίστων" καὶ τοῖς παρ᾽ αὐτῷ ἐργαζομένοις μισθωτοῖς ἐν ἀγρῷ πάντα τὰ ἀπὸ τῆς ἐκκλησίας διηγεῖσθαι: καὶ ἀναβεβλημένος ἄνω τοῦ γόνατος καθιζάνειν, ὥστε τὰ γυμνὰ αὐτοῦ ὑποφαίνεσθαι". καὶ ἐπ᾽ ἄλλῳ μὲν μηδενὶ «μήτε»" ἐν μήτε ἐκπλήττεσθαι ἐν tats ὁδοῖς, ὅταν δὲ ἴ [ὸ ῃ βοῦν 7 ἢ ὄνον 7) τράγον ἑστηκὼς θεωρεῖν. καὶ προαιρῶν δέ τι ἐκ τοῦ ταμιείου δεινὸς φαγεῖν, καὶ ζωρότερον πιεῖν: καὶ Ty σιτοποιὸν πειρῶν λαθεῖν," KET ἀλέσαι pet αὐτῆς τοῖς ἔνδον πᾶσι καὶ αὑτῷ τὰ ἐπιτήδεια. καὶ ἀριστῶν δὲ ἅμα Kal’ τοῖς ὑπο- ζυγίοις ἐμβαλεῖν τὴν ὀλύραν: καὶ κόψαντος τὴν

1 only M has τὰ 2M κατ᾽ ayp. τὰ A., perhaps rightly ; others omit ra 3 all mss have this sentence after σήμερον —sic—(introd. p. 17) LATE ADDITION: (6) παρασείσαντα

δὴ δεῖ τοὺς τοιούτους τῶν ἀνθρώπων καὶ διαράμενον ἀπαλλάτ- τεσθαι, ὅστις ἀπύρευτος βούλεται εἷναι " ἔργον γὰρ συναρκεῖσθαι τοῖς μήτε σχολὴν μήτε σπουδὴν διαγινώσκουσιν, after which M

has 6 γὰρ χρόνος οὐδὲ τοῖς καιριωτέροις ἐξαρκεῖ 4. mss also φαίνεσθαι: from ὥστε on may be a gloss ΑΘ. δος: Av. Paw 1138, Lys: 1. 12 7 some mss omit

48

CHARACTERS III—IV

Apaturia in October, and the country-Dionysia in December. And if you let him go on he will never stop.%

IV. BOORISHNESS

Boorishness would seem to be an unbecoming ignorance, and the Boor to be such as will take a purge before he goes to the Assembly,’ declare that thyme smells every bit as sweet as perfume, wear shoes too large for his feet, and talk at the top of his voice. He distrusts his friends and_ kinsfolk, but confides matters of great import to his servants, and tells all that went on at the Assembly to the hired labourers who work on his farm. He will sit down with his cloak above his knee, and thus expose too much of himself. Most things this man sees in the streets strike him not at all, but let him espy an ox or an ass or a billy-goat, and he will stand and contemplate him. He is apt also to take from the larder as he eats, and to drink his wine over-strong ; to make secret love to the bake-wench, and then help her grind the day’s corn for the whole household and himself with it; to fodder the beasts ὁ while he munches his breakfast; to answer a knock at

4 LATE ADDITION: Such men as this anyone that would stay unburnt by the fire should flee by all and every means he can; for it is hard to bear with one who cannot distin- guish leisure from occupation. There is not time enough even for that which is relevant.

» This, in those days, would make him an unpleasant neighbour ; the next words refer to a different occasion.

¢ Lit. ‘give the beasts their rice-wheat’ (Lat. far).

E 49

10

11

-- to

THEOPHRASTUS

/ 1 ¢ ~ 2 > , \ « A 3 \ 7

θύραν' ὑπακοῦσαι αὐτός. καὶ ἑστιῶν" τὸν κύνα προσκαλεσάμενος καὶ ἐπιλαβόμενος τοῦ ῥύγχους εἰπεῖν" Οὗτος φυλάττει τὸ ,χωρίον καὶ τὴν οἰκίαν. καὶ τὸ ἀργύριον δὲ παρά του λαμβάνων" ἀπο- ὃ / VE / λ \ 5 Φ \ οκιμάζειν, λίαν λέγων μο υβρὸν εἶναι, καὶ ἕτερον ἀνταλλάττεσθαι. ὃ Kel TO" ἄροτρον. ἔχρησεν ἢ κόφινον 7) δρέπανον ἢ θύλακον, τοῦτο" τῆς νυκτὸς κατὰ ἃ ἀγρυπνίαν ἀναμιμνησκόμενος «ἀναστὰς

2 ἐξιέναι» ζητῶν ὃ καὶ εἰς ἄστυ καταβαίνων ἐρωτῆσαι

\ > ~ / ay ¢€ / \ \ Tov ἀπαντῶντα πόσου ἦσαν at διφθέραι καὶ τὸ τάριχος, καὶ εἰ τήμερον νουμηνίαν ἄγει, καὶ «ἂν φῇ»," εἰπεῖν εὐθὺς ὅτι βούλεται καταβὰς ἀποκείρασθαι"" καὶ τῆς αὐτῆς 6600 παριὼν" κομί- ~ \

σασθαι map ᾿Αρχίου τοῦ ταρίχους." καὶ ἐν

, \ ip \ > \ « / A βαλανείῳ δὲ doa. Kal εἰς τὰ ὑποδήματα δὲ ἥλους ἐγκροῦσαι.""

ΑΡΕΣΚΕΙΑΣ E’

«ς \ > , / > / ε “ aA Η δὲ ἀρέσκειά ἐστι μέν, ws ὅρῳ περιλαβεῖν, ἔντευξις οὐκ ἐπὶ τῷ βελτίστῳ ἡδονῆς παρα- / ~ σκευαστική, ὁ δὲ ἄρεσκος ἀμέλει τοιοῦτός τις,

1M. Schmidt: mss τὴν θύραν καὶ κόψαντος τὴν θύραν, or omit κύψ: τὸ 6. (introd. p. 18) * Cas: mss ἐπ. 3 EH, from Μ ἐσθίοντα : other mss omit 4 mss also λαβών, but M δεχόμενος 5 Diels: mss λίαν μὲν λυπρόν (λυπηρόν) ὁ Cob: mss ἅμα ἀλλάττ. 7 E, cf. Aleiphr:; 2; 16. 1 (3: 19): “mss καὶ πὸν Καὶ el” τὸ Kau ὃ 8 mss ταῦτα ® EH, see introd. p. 21 10 mss σήμ. ὁ ἀγὼν (incorp. gloss; for nom. cf. Sch. M κόρδαξ 6. 3); for

ἄγει cf. Archil. 113 Bgk, where read Φησῖν᾽, ἕως pa’ νῦν ἄγει

Θαργηλία (subject once the king, cf. tec and ὕει Ζεύς) rey 12 mss also ὑποκ. 13 ef, Ar, Pax 1155 14 Sylb. partit. gen.: mss τοὺς 15 all mss have these two sentences after

ἀποκείρ. (introd. p. 18) 50

CHARACTERS IV—V

the door himself. When he gives a feast he calls the dog, takes him by the snout, and says seuhis is the guardian of my house and farm. When he receives money ® he tests it and finds it wanting ; it looks, says he, too much like lead ; and changes it for other. And if he has lent his plough, or a basket, or a sickle, or a sack, he will remember it as he lies awake one night and rise and go out to seek it. On his way to the town he will ask any that meets him the price of hides or red-herring, and if ’tis new moon” to-day ; and should answer come ‘ Yes,’ declares he will go and be shorn out of hand and get some herrings at Archias’ shop on the way to the barber’s.° Ηδ is given also to singing at the baths; and loves to drive hobnails into the soles of his shoes.

V. SELF-SEEKING AFFABILITY

Self-seeking Affability, to give it a definition, is a sort of behaviour which provides pleasure, but not with the best intentions ; ὁ and it goes without saying ὁ that the Smoothboot or Self-seeking Affable

@ Not necessarily ἡ his (due) money’; the article is often used with this word when we should not expect it, e.g. Diog. L. ii. 81: so τὸ χρυσίον xxiii. 7.

» Observed as a holiday and a great day for marketing.

4 We have no single word for this unless it be Impression- ism (and Impressionist) as it is sometimes transferred, in a bon mot, from the realm of art; this man’s behaviour comes from a desire to produce a good impression at all costs ; neither Complaisance nor Affability has this connotation ; Healey’s Smoothboot is unfortunately obsolete.

51

THEOPHRASTUS

<> / οἷος πόρρωθεν προσαγορεύσας Kal ἄνδρα κράτιστον >? \ \ ~ A εἰπὼν καὶ θαυμάσας ἱκανῶς ἀμφοτέραις ταῖς \ χερσὶ λαβόμενος" μὴ ἀφιέναι, ἀλλὰ" μικρὸν ἐπι- / \ > προπέμψας" Kal ἐρωτήσας πότε αὐτὸν ὄψεται, ~ > 8 ἐπαινῶν ἀπαλλάττεσθαι. Kat παρακληθεὶς δὲ \ / \ / e 4 4 πρὸς δίαιταν μὴ μόνον ᾧ πάρεστι βούλεσθαι 3 /, > \ \ ~ > / - / ἀρέσκειν ἀλλὰ καὶ τῷ ἀντιδίκῳ, Wa κοινός τις > ὃ “δ \ a , 6 Se θα" ς ΄, εἶναι δοκῇ. καὶ τοῖς ξένοις" δὲ εἰπεῖν ὡς δικαιό- τερα λέγουσι τῶν πολιτῶν. καὶ κεκλημένος δ᾽ 3 \ “~ ~ tf A / A ἐπὶ δεῖπνον κελεῦσαι καλέσαι τὰ παιδία τὸν

on

¢ a \ Εν 7 a , Sue , ἑστιῶντα, καὶ εἰσιόντα σαι GUKOV® ὁμοιότερα 2 7 μ “5 ~ ’ A , ~ A εἶναι τῷ πατρί, Kal προσαγαγόμενος" φιλῆσαι Kat Α ~ map αὑτὸν Kabictacbat,” Kat Tots μὲν συμπαίζειν » μ > A / 3 , aN A δὲ ΕῚ ἈΝ ~ αὐτὸς λέγων: ᾿Ασκός, πέλεκυς, Ta δὲ ἐπὶ τῆς γαστρὸς ἐᾶν καθεύδειν ἅμα" θλιβόμενος."

ΑΠΟΝΟΙΑΣ SG’

« \ 5 7 / > ες \ > ~ ” Η δὲ ἀπόνοιά ἐστιν ὑπομονὴ αἰσχρῶν ἔργων τε ~ / καὶ λόγων," ὁ δὲ ἀπονενοημένος τοιοῦτός τις,

1 only in P(ap. Here. 1457) 2 BE: mss καὶ 3 [ἐ]πι in P only 4 mss also ἔτι ἐπαινῶν ἀπ. iS P: mss εἷς or omit 6 Cor: mss and P accus. ole εἰσελθόντα, but cf. Men. Pk. 193 (taken as_ singular ?) 8 Nav. suggests σύκου <cixw>, cf. Herodas vi. 60 9. mss also and P προσαγόμ. 10 so P or καθίσασθαι, cf. Lys. 18. 10: mss also καθίσαι, -ίσασθαι 1 ἀναθλιβόμενος ἢ cf. A.P. xii. 208: P omits aya 22 all mss and P place here the passage καὶ πλειστάκις κτὰ. which most modern editors transfer to xxi 13 Gale: mss δικαιολόγων

52

CHARACTERS V—VI

is one that will hail you a great way off and call you excellent fellow, and when he is done with admiring you, seize you with both hands and not let go till he have accompanied you some little way and asked you when he can see you, and then go his way with a compliment. When he is called to help settle a dispute, his desire is to please the opposite party as well as the friend he stands for, so that he may be thought impartial. He will tell strangers, too, that they are right and his fellow-countrymen wrong. Bidden to a feast, he has his host call the children, and they are no sooner come in than he declares them to be as like as figs to their father, and drawing them to him sets them beside him with a kiss, and plays with some of them, himself crying ‘ Wineskin, hatchet,’ * and suffers others to sleep on his lap in spite of the discomfort.

VI. WILFUL DISREPUTABLENESS

Wilful Disreputableness is a tolerance of the dis- honourable in word and deed; and your Scallywag

α These words were proverbial of lightness and heaviness, originally in water, as in medern Greek a child learning to swim floats like an ἀσκὶ or sinks like a τσηκούρι: this man, then, lifts a child saying ἀσκός and drops it saying πέλεκυς —or the like ; ‘ to try to sink an inflated skin ’ was a proverb for attempting the impossible, Par. Gr. ii. p. 311; inflated skins were used for crossing rivers, etc., Xen. An. iii. 5, Plut. Thes. xxiv. ; according to Hesychius there was a weight called wé\exus=6 (or 12) minae (S. Koujeas, Herm. xli. 480, where see fig. Matz-Duhn. Ant. Denk. in Rom, ii. 2331) ; ef. Aristotle and Diogenes’ proffered figs, μετεωρίσας ws τὰ παιδία, Diog. Laert. v. 18.

53

THEOPHRASTUS

2 οἷος ὀμόσαι ταχύ, «ἑκὼν» κακῶς ἀκοῦσαι, Aot- δορηθῆναι δυναμένοις, τῷ ἤθει ἀγοραῖός τις καὶ 8 ἀνασεσυρμένος καὶ παντοποιός: ἀμέλει δυνατὸς καὶ ὀρχεῖσθαι νήφων τὸν κόρδακα,, καὶ προσω- πεῖον ἔχων ἐν κωμικῷ χορῷ περιάγειν ἐν τῷ «θεάτρῳ. καὶ ἐν θαύμασι δὲ τοὺς χαλκοῦς ἐκ- λέγειν καθ᾽ ἕκαστον περιὼν" καὶ μάχεσθαι τούτοις τοῖς τὸ σύμβολον φέρουσι καὶ προῖκα θεωρεῖν 5 ἀξιοῦσι. δεινὸς δὲ καὶ πανδοκεῦσαι καὶ πορνο- βοσκῆσαι καὶ τελωνῆσαι, καὶ μηδεμίαν αἰσχρὰν ἐργᾳσίαν ἀποδοκιμάσαι, ἀλλὰ κηρύττειν, μα- 6 γειρεύειν, κυβεύειν: τὴν μητέρα μὴ τρέφειν, ἀπάγεσθαι κλοπῆς, τὸν κέραμον" πλείω χρόνον Ἰ οἰκεῖν ἢ τὴν αὑτοῦ οἰκίαν. καὶ τούτων" ἂν εἶναι δόξειε τῶν περιϊσταμένων τοὺς ὄχλους καὶ προσ- καλούντων, μεγάλῃ τῇ φωνῇ καὶ παρερρωγυίᾳ λοιδορουμένων καὶ διαλεγομένων πρὸς αὐτούς" καὶ οἱ μὲν μεταξὺ προσίασιν, οἱ δὲ ἀπίασιν πρὶν ἀκοῦσαι αὐτοῦ, ἀλλὰ τοῖς μὲν τὴν ἀρχήν, τοῖς δὲ συλλαβήν, τοῖς δὲ μέρος τοῦ πράγματος λέγει, οὐκ ἄλλως θεωρεῖσθαι ἀξιῶν τὴν ἀπόνοιαν αὐτοῦ 8ἢ ὅταν ἢ πανήγυρις. ἱκανὸς δὲ καὶ δίκας τὰς μὲν φεύγειν, τὰς δὲ διώκειν, τὰς δὲ ἐξόμνυσθαι, ταῖς δὲ παρεῖναι ἔχων ἐχῖνον" ἐν τῷ προκολπίῳ

1 Herw., cf. Men. 614. Καὶ 2 Foss, 1.6. τοῖς δυν. : a partc. in the nom. (mss) cannot be right: or omit λοιδ. δυν. as gloss? 3 Sch. κόρδαξ εἶδος ὀρχήσεως αἰσχρᾶς καὶ ἀπρεποῦς 4 περιάγειν ἐν θεατρω (sic) only in Μ. ἰἱπέτοα. Ρ. 24 5 Needh. 1.6. περιιών : MSs παριὼν 5 some mss omit τούτοις 7 only M: others have the gloss δεσμωτήριον 8 Needh: mss τοῦτο δ᾽, τοῦτ᾽ ἂν 9 Es mss μεταξὺ οἱ μὲν

10 Sch. ἐχῖνός ἐστι σκεῦος χαλκοῦν τῆς δικαστικῆς τραπέζης, ἐν ᾧ τὰ γράμματα ἤγουν τὰς ψήφους ἀπετίθεσαν

δ4

CHARACTER VI

or Wilfully Disreputable man ® is quick to pledge his name, tolerant of slander, abusive of the great,? of a ne’er-do-weel, decency-be-damned, devil-may- care disposition. He is the man, I warrant you,°¢ to dance the cordax sober, and when he wears a mask in a comic chorus to twist it hind-part before in the face of the house.4 At a show he will go round collecting the pence from every man severally, and wrangle with such as bring the ticket and claim to look on for nothing. He will keep inns and brothels, he will farm the taxes ; crier, cook, dicing- house man,” there’s no trade so low but he’ll follow it. He will turn his mother out of doors,’ be apprehended for larceny,’ spend longer time in the lock-up than in his own house. He would seem to be of those who gather crowds and abuse them and argue with them in a loud cracked voice, while some will come after he is begun and others go before he ends, this getting but the prologue, that the summing-up, the other a morsel of the theme itself, and no occasion reckoned so pat to his purpose as a fair.” In the courts of law he is alike fitted to play plaintiff or defendant ; he may refuse his testimony on oath, or come to give it with a

@ Perverse? cf. E. A. Poe, The Black Cat. Abandoned ?

>’ Or, without emendation, ‘able to be abused’ (gloss ; δύναμαι with pass. inf. is very rare in classical Greek).

2 (Oy Saini, 1G α-

4 Cf. περιάγ. τὴν κεφαλήν, τὸν τράχηλον, κτὰ : or ‘do the secene-shifting in his mask’? ο΄. περίακτοι.

¢ The context belies the usual meaning ‘ dice-player.*

* Such people were classed by law as evil-livers and lost the right to speak in the Assembly, cf. Aesch. 1. 28, Diog. L. 1 GY 9 Of. Andoc. Myst. 1. 74.

h ‘This sentence is perhaps an interpolation.

δ

THEOPHRASTUS

9 καὶ ὁρμαθοὺς γραμματειδίων ev Tats χερσίν. οὐκ ἀποδοκιμάζειν δὲ ἀλλ᾽ οὐδὲ πολλῶν ἀγοραίων στρατηγεῖν' καὶ εὐθὺς τούτοις δανείζειν καὶ τῆς δραχμῆς τόκον τρία ἡμιωβόλια τῆς ἡμέρας πράτ- τεσθαι, καὶ ἐφοδεύειν τὰ μαγειρεῖα, τὰ ἰχθυο- πώλια, τὰ ταριχοπώλια, καὶ τοὺς τόκους «τοὺς» ἀπὸ τοῦ ἐμπολήματος εἰς τὴν γνάθον ἐκλέγειν

ΛΑΛΙΑΣ Z’

Ἢ δὲ λαλιά, εἴ τις αὐτὴν ὁρίζεσθαι βούλοιτο, > ” , > , x , ε \ \ εἶναι av δόξειεν ἀκρασία τοῦ λόγου, ὁ δὲ λαλὸς τοιοῦτός τις, οἷος τῷ ἐντυγχάνοντι εἰπεῖν, ἂν « ~ \ > \ / Ὁ“ > \ tA ὁτιοῦν πρὸς αὐτὸν φθέγξηται, ὅτι οὐθὲν λέγει, καὶ ὅτι αὐτὸς πάντα οἶδεν, καὶ ὅτι ἂν ἀκούῃ 8 αὐτοῦ μαθήσεται: καὶ μεταξὺ δὲ ἀποκρινομένῳ ὑποβαλεῖν εἴπας" Σὺ ΠῚ ἐπιλάθῃ ὃ μέλλεις λέγειν, καὶ Εὖ γε ὅτι με ὑπέμνησας, καὶ Τὸ λαλεῖν ὡς χρήσιμόν που, Kat “O παρέλιπον, καὶ Ταχύ ,.)7ε συνῆκας τὸ πρᾶγμα, καὶ Πάλαι σε παρετήρουν εἰ ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτὸ ἐμοὶ κατενεχθήσῃ: καὶ ἑτέρας ἀρχὰς" τοιαύτας πορίσασθαι, ὥστε μηδ᾽ ἀναπνεῦσαι τὸν ἐντυγχάνοντα: καὶ ὅταν γε τοὺς καθ᾽ ἕνα ἀποκναίσῃ,, δεινὸς καὶ ἐπὶ τοὺς

τ

~

1 ἀποδοκιμάζειν Meier: mss τῶν: ἀλλ᾽ οὐδὲ BE, 7, Of. XXvill. 5 and Ar. Nub. 1395, Dem. 19. 37: mss οὐδ᾽ dua: Diels’ ἀλλαντοπωλεῖν does not suit the sequel 2 Nav.

3 LATE ADDITION: (10) ἐργώδεις δέ εἰσιν of τὸ στόμα εὔλυτον ἔχοντες πρὸς λοιδορίαν καὶ φθεγγόμενοι μεγάλῃ τῇ φωνῇ, ὡς

συνηχεῖν αὐτοῖς τὴν ἀγορὰν καὶ τὰ ἐργαστήρια * mss ὑποβάλλει(ν), ἐπιβ. (introd. p. 21): or ῳ ὑπολαβεῖν (old corr. ?) 5 mss also Εἶπας σύ; μὴ 8 mss also ἀφορμὰς

7 old variant ἀπογυμνώσῃ (early corruption of the spelling ἀπογναίσῃ 3): Nav. ἀπογυμνάσῃ

56

CHARACTERS VI—VII

sealed box in his coat and bundles of documents α in his hands. Nor loath is he, neither, to play captain to much riff-raff of the market, lending them money the moment they ask it, and exacting three ha’pence a day usury on every shilling. And he makes his rounds of the cookshops, the fishmongers’, the salters’, and collects his share of their takings in

his cheek.®

VII. LOQUACITY

Loquacity, should you wish to define it, would seem to be an incontinence of speech; and the Loquacious man will say to any that meets him, if he but open his lips, ‘ You are wrong; I know all about it, and if you will listen to me you shall learn the truth.’ And in the midst of the other’s answer he whispers him ° such words as these: ‘ Pray bethink you what you are about to say’; or ‘I thank you for reminding me’; or ἡ There’s nothing like a talk, is there ?’ or ‘ I forgot to say’; or © You have not taken long to understand it’; or “I had long expected you would come round to my way of thinking’; and provides himself other such openings, so that his friend can hardly get his breath. And when he has worn out? such as go singly, he

α j,e. papyrus-rolls strung together. > The usual place for carrying small change, cf. Ar. Eccl. 818.

LATE appririon: ‘Troublesome indeed are those who always have their tongue ready to let slip for abuse, and talk with loud voices ; who make the market and the work- shops to ring with their words.

¢ Or ‘interrupts him with.’ 4 Or perhaps ‘ disarmed.’ δ

σι

-

10

THEOPHRASTUS

> A ~ ~ afpoovs' συνεστηκότας πορευθῆναι καὶ φυγεῖν ποιῆσαι μεταξὺ χρηματίζοντας. καὶ εἰς τὰ διδα- σκαλεῖα δὲ καὶ εἰς τὰς παλαίστρας εἰσιὼν κωλύειν τοὺς παῖδας προμανθάνειν, τοσαῦτα καὶ προσ- λαλεῖν τοῖς παιδοτρίβαις καὶ διδασκάλοις. καὶ τοὺς ἀπιέναι φάσκοντας δεινὸς προπέμψαι καὶ ἀποκαταστῆσαι εἰς τὴν οἰκίαν." καὶ πυθόμενος A > / > / "4 \ τὰς ἐκκλησίας ἀπαγγέλλειν, προσδιηγήσασθαι δὲ καὶ τήν ποτε γενομένην τοῖν ῥητόροιν μάχην," καὶ οὕς ποτε λόγους αὐτὸς εἴπας εὐδοκίμησεν" ἐν τῷ δήμῳ" καὶ κατὰ τῶν πληθῶν γε ἅμα διηγού- μενος κατηγορίαν παρεμβαλεῖν, ὥστε τοὺς ἀκούον- ” > ’ὕ nn PZ a“ \ τας ἤτοι ἐπιλαθέσθαι ἢ νυστάξαι ἢ μεταξὺ KaTa- λ / 6 > , \ , A umovtas® ἀπαλλάττεσθαι. καὶ συνδικάζων δὲ Kw- λῦσαι κρῖναι, καὶ συνθεωρῶν θεάσασθαι, καὶ συν- ~ ~ , a ‘\ ~ ~ δειπνῶν φαγεῖν, λέγων ὅτι χαλεπὸν τῷ λαλῷ ἐστι σιωπᾶν, καὶ ὡς ἐν ὑγρῷ ἐστιν ἡ γλῶττα, \ a > 5" / 9.9 > ~ / καὶ OTL οὐκ ἂν σιωπήσειεν οὐδ᾽ εἰ TOV χελιδόνων δόξειεν εἶναι λαλίστερος. καὶ σκωπτόμενος ὑπο- μεῖναι καὶ ὑπὸ τῶν αὑτοῦ παιδίων, ὅταν αὐτὸς ἤδη καθεύδειν βουλόμενος κελεύῃ, λεγόντων Tara,’ λ λ ~ « - a μὴ [2 ~ A 8 / αλεῖν τι ἡμῖν, ὅπως av ἡμᾶς ὕπνος τις" λάβῃ.

1 some mss insert καί, but Nav. compares Plat. Lys. init.,

Xen. An. vii. 4. 47 2 mss also ἐκ τῆς οἰκίας (but cf. ἐκκεκρουμένῳ Xxx. 11) 3 some mss τὴν ἐπ᾽ ᾿Αριστοφῶντος τότε (ποτε), incorporating gloss 4 Diels-Hottinger: mss

τοῦ ῥήτορος μ. and add, after incorporation of gloss, καὶ τὴν Λακεδαιμονίοις (-wyv) ὑπὸ (ἐπὶ) Λυσάνδρου, confusing the archon of 330 with the member of the Four Hundred: a real battle has no point here 5. arch. recorded variant εἶπεν εὐδοκιμήσας

58

CHARACTER VII

is prone to march upon those who stand together in troops, and put them to flight in the midst of their business. It is a habit of his to go into the schools and wrestling-places and keep the children from learning their tasks, he talks so much to their teachers and trainers.* And if you say you must go your ways, he loves to bear you company and see you to your doorstep. And when he has news of the meetings of Assembly he retails it, with the addition of an account of the famous battle of the orators,” and the speeches he too was used to make there so greatly to his credit, all this interlarded with tirades against democracy, till his listeners forget what it is all about, or fall half-asleep, or get up and leave him to his talk. On a jury this man hinders your verdict, at the play your entertainment, at the table your eating, with the plea that it is hard for the talkative to hold his peace, or that the tongue grows in a wet soil, or he could not cease though he should outbabble the very swallows. And he is content to be the butt of his own children, who when it is late and he would fain be sleeping and bids them do likewise, ery ‘Talk to us, daddy, and then we shall go to sleep.’

α For construction cf. Alciphr. ii. 32. 3 (iii. 34). δ Demosthenes and Aeschines in 330 B.c.

ὁ Herw. <Aadotvra> Karan. 7 EB (Ribb. tara, but ef. Herod. i. 60 τἄταλίζειν) : mss αὐτὸν 7. κ. βουλόμενον (βουλόμενον corr. to -να) κελ. λέγοντα ταῦτα : for omission of the second καθεύδειν cf. Dem. 54. 23 fin. 8 most mss omit τις, but (like ὅπως dv? and λαλεῖν) it may be baby-language.

59

to

THEOPHRASTUS

ΛΟΓΟΠΟΙΙΑΣ TH"

/ A ~ Ἢ δὲ λογοποιία ἐστὶ σύνθεσις ψευδῶν λόγων \ / e 7 ¢ ~ [2 \ καὶ πράξεων ὧν βούλεται ὁ λογοποιῶν, ὁ δὲ λογοποιὸς τοιοῦτός τις, οἷος ἀπαντήσας τῷ φίλῳ εὐθὺς καταβαλὼν τὸ ἦθος" καὶ μειδιάσας ἐρωτῆσαι" Π|όθεν σὺ καὶ πῶς ἔχεις καὶ ἔχεις τι περὶ τοῦδε εἰπεῖν καινόν;" καὶ ὡς ἐπιβάλλων" ~ / ἐρωτᾶν: Μὴ λέγεταί τι καινότερον; καὶ μὴν ἀγαθά γέ ἐστι τὰ λεγόμενα: καὶ οὐκ ἐάσας > / > A / / > A > 7 ἀποκρίνασθαι εἰπεῖν: Ti λέγεις; οὐδὲν ἀκήκοας; aA / ~ δοκῶ μοί σε εὐωχήσειν καινῶν λόγων: καὶ ἔστιν αὐτῷ ἢ στρατιώτης <tis>* 7 παῖς ᾿Αστείου τοῦ αὐλητοῦ ἢ Λύκων ὁ ἐργολάβος παραγεγονὼς ἐξ

5 αὐτῆς τῆς μάχης οὗ φησιν ἀκηκοέναι" αἱ μὲν οὖν

ἀναφοραὶ τῶν λόγων τοιαῦταί εἰσιν αὐτῷ" ὧν οὐδεὶς ἂν ἔχοι ἐπιλαβέσθαι". διηγεῖται δὲ τούτους

/ J, « ’ὔ A ¢ A φάσκων λέγειν ὡς Πολυπέρχων καὶ ὁ βασιλεὺς μάχην νενίκηκε καὶ Κάσανδρος ἐζώγρηται" καὶ ἂν εἴπῃ τις αὐτῷ: Σὺ δὲ ταῦτα πιστεύεις; γεγονέναι φησὶ τὸ πρᾶγμα’ βοᾶσθαι γὰρ ἐν τῇ πόλει, καὶ τὸν λόγον ἐπεντείνειν, καὶ πάντας συμφωνεῖν, ταὐτὰ γὰρ λέγειν περὶ τῆς μάχης καὶ πολὺν τὸν ζωμὸν γεγονέναι: εἶναι δ᾽ ἑαυτῷ" καὶ σημεῖον τὰ πρόσωπα τῶν. ἐν τοῖς πράγμασιν, ὁρᾶν γὰρ αὐτῶν" πάντων μεταβεβληκότα: λέγει δ᾽ ὡς καὶ

1 sc. τὸ ἐπὶ τοῦ προσώπου ; ef. [Arist.] Physiog. i. 805 b 2, and Eur. Cycl. 167 καταβάλλειν τὰς ὀφρῦς, Ar. Vesp. 655 χαλᾶν τὸ μέτωπον, Ach. 1069 ἀνασπᾶν τὰς ὀφρῦς, Amphis 3. 305 M.

ἐπαίρειν τὰς ὀφρῦς 2 introd. p. 24 3 mss -βαλὼν Es Fi; 5 most mss -τοῦ ® Cas: mss -λαθέσθαι * mss also μάχῃ 8 cf. Men. Lp. 79: most mss omit γεγονέναι, all have φήσει ® Diels: mss δὲ αὐτῷ 10 αὐτὸς τῶν ἢ

mss also αὐτὸν

60

CHARACTER VIII

VIII. NEWSMAKING

Newsmaking is the putting together of fictitious sayings and doings at a man’s own caprice; and the Newsmaker is one that no sooner meets a friend than his face softens and he asks him with a smile “Where do you come from? How do you? and Have you any news of this ἢ ᾿ and throwing himself, so to speak, upon him “Can there be any greater news ? ¢ nay, and it is good news’; and without suffering him to answer, ‘ What?’ cries he, ‘ have you heard nothing ? methinks I can give you a rare feast.’ And it seems he has some soldier, or a servant of Asteius the flute-player’s,?> or maybe Lycon the contractor, come straight from the battle-field, who has told him all about it. Thus his authorities are such as no man could lay hands on. Yet he recounts, with them for sponsors, how that Polyperchon and the King have won a battle, and Casander is taken.° And if it be asked him ‘ Do you believe this?’ he will reply that it is so indeed, ’tis common talk, and the report gains ground, and everyone says the same ; all agree about the battle, and the butchers’ bill is very long“; he can tell it from the faces of the Government, they are all so changed. Moreover, he has been told in secret that they are keeping in

@ Cf. Dem. Phil. i. 43. 10.

» Flute-playing was usual at sacrifices on the field of battle as elsewhere (Nav.).

¢ Introd. p. 5, and Index.

7 Lit. ‘the broth has been plentiful.’

61

10

bo

THEOPHRASTUS

παρακήκοε παρὰ τούτοις κρυπτόμενόν τινα ἐν οἰκίᾳ ἤδη πέμπτην ἡμέραν ἥκοντα ἐκ Μακεδονίας ὃς πάντα ταῦτα εἶδε". καὶ ταῦθ᾽ ἅπαντα" διεξιὼν πῶς οἴεσθε πιθανῶς σχετλιάζων λέγειϑ" Δυστυχὴς Κάσανδρος" ὦ ταλαίπωρος" ἐνθυμῇ τὸ τῆς τύχης; ἀλλ᾽ οὖν ἰσχυρός {γε} γενόμενος" - kat Act & αὐτὸν σὲ μόνον εἰδέναι: πᾶσι δὲ τοῖς ἐν TH πόλει

προσδεδράμηκε λέγων."

ANAIZXYNTIAZ Θ’

Ἢ δὲ ἀναισχυντία ἐστὶ μέν, ὡς ὅρῳ λαβεῖν,

’ ΄, > me SE: / ¢€ \ καταφρόνησις δόξης αἰσχροῦ ἕνεκα κέρδους, ὁ δὲ ἀναίσχυντος τοιοῦτος, οἷος πρῶτον μὲν ὃν ἀπο- στερεῖ πρὸς τοῦτον ἀπελθὼν δανείζεσθαι: εἶτα θύσας τοῖς θεοῖς αὐτὸς μὲν δειπνεῖν παρ᾽ ἑτέρῳ, τὰ δὲ κρέα ἀποτιθέναι ἁλσὶ πάσας. καί ποι κεκλημένος," προσκαλεσάμενος τὸν ἀκόλουθον δοῦναι ἀπὸ τῆς τραπέζης ἄρας κρέας καὶ ἄρτον, καὶ εἰπεῖν ἀκουόντων πάντων: Edwyod, Τίβειε.ἷ

1 mss also olde 2 mss πάντα, ταῦτα π., ταῦθ᾽ ἅμα 3 BH: M σχετλιάζων ἐπάγειν, others σχετλιάζει(ν) λέγων τ 70) 8 LATE ADDITION: (11) τῶν τοιούτων ἀνθρώπων

τεθαύμακα τί ποτε βούλονται λογοποιοῦντες" οὐ γὰρ μόνον ψεύδονται ἀλλὰ καὶ ἀλυσιτελῆ πλάττουσι (MSS -λῶς ἀπ- αλλάττ.). (19) πολλάκις γὰρ αὐτῶν οἱ μὲν ἐν τοῖς βαλανείοις περιστάσεις ποιούμενοι τὰ ἱμάτια ἀποβεβλήκασιν, οἱ δ᾽ ἐν τῇ στοᾷ πεζομαχίᾳ καὶ ναυμαχίᾳ νικῶντες ἐρήμους δίκας ὠφλή- κασιν. (15) εἰσὶ δ᾽ οἱ καὶ πόλεις τῷ (MSS πλεῖστοι) λόγῳ κατὰ κράτος αἱροῦντες παρεδειπνήθησαν. (14) πάνυ δὴ ταλαί- πωρον αὐτῶν ἐστι τὸ ἐπιτήδευμα᾽ ποία yap (mss insert οὐ) στοά, ποῖον δὲ ἐργαστήριον, ποῖον δὲ μέρος τῆς ἀγορᾶς οὗ οὐ (mss οὐ or omit) διημερεύουσιν ἀπαυδᾶν ποιοῦντες τοὺς ἀκούοντας ; (15) οὕτως καὶ καταπονοῦσι ταῖς Ψευδολογίαις. ® only in M (που κεκλ.) 7 mss also τίμιε, τιμιώτατε, Sch. only in M Τίβιε δουλικὸν ὄνομα ws καὶ Δρόμων καὶ Γέτας καὶ τὰ τοιαῦτα

62

CHARACTERS VIII—IX

close hiding one that came four days ago out of Macedonia who has seen it all.* While this long tale is telling, you cannot think how true to life are his cries of woe: ᾿ Poor Casander! unhappy man! do you see how luck turns? Well, he was a strong man once, and now !’ and he ends with saying, ‘ But mind you, this must go no further,’ albeit he has been running up to all the town to tell them of it.?

IX. UNCONSCIONABLENESS

Unconscionableness, to define it, is a neglect of reputation for the sake of filthy lucre ; and he is unconscionable who, in the first place, goes off and borrows of a creditor he has already refused to pay.° Next, when he sacrifices, he dines abroad, and lays by the meat of the victim in salt.4 When he is a man’s guest, he calls his lackey and takes and gives him bread and meat from the table, and says in the hearing of the whole company ἡ Fall you to and

@ Or, ‘knows everything.’

> pate ADDITION: It is a marvel to me what object such men can have in making their news. ‘They not merely tell lies, but forge tales that bring them no profit. For often- times have they lost their cloaks gathering crowds at the baths, or been cast in their suits-at-law by default a-winning battles by land or sea in the Porch, or it may be have missed their dinner taking cities by assault of word. ‘Their manner of life is hard indeed ; for what porch is there, or workshop, or part of the market-place which they do not haunt day in day out, to the utter undoing of their hearers, so do they weary them with their lying tales ?

¢ Of. ἀδικεῖξεῃε has wronged; Nay. compares Xen. An. vii. 6. 9, Isoer. 18. 53; for ἀπελθών cf. Diog. L. vi. 46. 4 Instead of feasting his friends on it; cf. Men. 518. 3 K.

63

THEOPHRASTUS

\ > ~ \ «ς / \ / W 4“ καὶ ὀψωνῶν δὲ ὑπομιμνήσκειν τὸν κρεωπώλην εἴ τι χρήσιμος αὐτῷ γέγονε, καὶ ἑστηκὼς πρὸς τῷ σταθμῷ μαλίστα μὲν κρέας, εἰ δὲ μή, ὀστοῦν εἰς τὸν ζυγὸν" “ἐμβαλεῖν, καὶ ἐὰν μὲν λάθῃ," εἰ δὲ μή, ἁρπάσας ἀπὸ τῆς τραπέζης χολίκιον ἅμα γελῶν 5 ἀπαλλάττεσθαι. καὶ ξένοις δὲ αὑτοῦ θέαν ἀγοράσας μὴ δοὺς τὸ μέρος θεωρεῖν, ἄγειν δὲ καὶ τοὺς 6 υἱεῖς εἰς τὴν ὑστεραίαν καὶ τὸν παιδαγωγόν. καὶ ὅσα ἐωνημένος ἀξιά τις φέρει, μεταδοῦναι κελεῦσαι \ ε ~ A > \ \ > ’ὔ > / > A τ καὶ αὑτῷ. Kal ἐπὶ τὴν ἀλλοτρίαν οἰκίαν ἐλθὼν δανείζεσθαι κριθάς, ποτὲ δὲ ἄχυρον, καὶ ταῦτα τοὺς χρήσαντας" ἀναγκάσα: ἀποφέρειν πρὸς αὑτούς .ὃ 8 δεινὸς δὲ καὶ πρὸς τὰ χαλκεῖα τὰ ἐν τῷ βαλανείῳ λθ A A of > 4 , 6 ~ προσελθὼν καὶ βάψας ἀρύταιναν «βίᾳ»" βοῶντος τοῦ βαλανέως αὐτὸς αὑτοῦ καταχέασθαι, καὶ > ~ <4 fe > 7 > we 7 +) , εἰπεῖν ὅτι Λέλουμαι, ἀπιών, κἀκείνου οὐδεμία σοι χάρις.

ΜΙΚΡΟΛΟΓΊΑΣ I’ Ἔστι δὲ ἡ μικρολογία φειδωλία τοῦ διαφόρου

ὑπὲρ τὸν καιρόν, ὁ δὲ μικρολόγος τοιοῦτός τις, οἷος ἐν τῷ μηνὶ ἡμιωβόλιον ἀπαιτεῖν ἐλθὼν" ἐπὶ τὴν οἰκίαν. καὶ συσσιτῶν" ἀριθμεῖν τε πόσας"

wo

1 masc. in this sense: mss also ζωμὸν, but with ἐμβαλεῖν

this could only be taken as into not for his broth 2 old var. ?: most mss λάβῃ. but cf. the reverse ἐπιλαθέσθαι vill. 4: mss add εὖ ἔχει 3 mss also ἄχυρα: ἕν omission of the uev-clause cf. Plat. Theaet. 101 Ὁ, Andoe. 1. 105 4M τοὺς xpavras: others χρησ. > EH: mss αὐτὸν SE 7 Λέλουμαι Herw., κἀκείνου EX: mss λέλουται ἀπ. κακεῖ; ef. Ar. Pax 1103 8 most mss omit 9 introd. p. 29

10 varied order in mss, Te (ras or oa κύλικας πόσας (ὁπόσας Ambr. P, introd. p. 29), πόσας κύλ., shows that κύλικας was in marg. arch. (gloss, cf. xiii. 4)

64

CHARACTERS ΙΧ. Χ

welcome, Tibeius.’ Buying meat he will remind the butcher of any good turn he has done him, and as he stands by the balance, throw into the scale a piece of meat or, failing that, a bone ; 4 which doing if he be not seen, well and good ; else, he will snatch a bit of tripe from the counter and away laughing. He takes places for foreign friends of his to see the play, and then sees it himself with- out paying his scot, and even takes his children the next day and their tutor to boot.? One that carries home something he has bought a bargain is bidden share it with him; and he will go to a neighbour’s to borrow to-day barley, to-morrow bran, and make the lender fetch it when he pays it back. He loves also to go up to the cauldrons at the baths, and dipping the ladle despite the cries of the bathing- man, do his own drenching, and exclaim as he runs off, ‘I’ve had my bath, and no thanks to you for that ! 7

X. PENURIOUSNESS

Penuriousness is an excessive economy of expendi- ture ; and the Penurious man is he that will come to a man’s house ere the month run out for a farthings- worth of usury ; and at the club mess will reckon

α j.e, after the weighing, and before the meat is lifted from the scale-pan.

» Apparently he takes a ‘ block,’ say, of twelve seats, and makes it do for thirteen the first day, and for even more the second.

F 65

rs

a

co

14

THEOPHRASTUS

ἕκαστος πέπωκε, Kal ἀπάρχεσθαι ἐλάχιστον TH ᾿Αρτέμιδι τῶν συνδειπνούντων. καὶ ὅσα μικροῦ τις πριάμενος λογίζεται «αὐτῷ, ἀποδοκιμάσαι τοῖς ἀλλότρια δαπανῶσι" πάντα φάσκων «ὥὦνια» εἶναι. καὶ οἰκετοῦ χύτραν ἕνην" ἢ λοπάδα κατ- ἄξαντος εἰσπρᾶξαι ἀπὸ τῶν ἐπιτηδείων. καὶ τῆς A > / 4 / AK e va γυναικὸς ἐκβαλούσης" τρίχαλκον οἷος μεταφέρειν τὰ σκεύη καὶ τὰς κλίνας καὶ τὰς κιβωτοὺς καὶ διφᾶν τὰ καλύμματα. καὶ ἐάν τι πωλῇ, τοσούτου ἀποδόσθαι ὥστε μὴ λυσιτελεῖν τῷ πριαμένῳ. καὶ c c

Ἃ oA Μ ~ > ~ ~ οὐκ ἂν ἐᾶσαι οὔτε συκοτραγῆσαι ἐκ τοῦ αὑτοῦ κήπου, οὔτε διὰ τοῦ αὑτοῦ ἀγροῦ πορευθῆναι, οὔτε" ἐλαίαν ἢ φοίνικα τῶν χάμαι πεπτωκότων

> A ἀνελέσθαι. καὶ τοὺς ὅρους δ᾽ ἐπισκοπεῖσθαι ὁση- μέραι εἰ διαμένουσιν ot αὐτοί. δεινὸς δὲ καὶ ὑπερημερίαν πρᾶξαι καὶ τόκον τόκου: καὶ ἑστιῶν A ~

δημότας μικρὰ τὰ κρέα κόψας παραθεῖναι: καὶ

~ A - ὀψωνῶν μηδὲν πριάμενος εἰσελθεῖν: καὶ ἀπ- αγορεῦσαι τῇ γυναικὶ μήτε ἅλας χρηννύεινδ μήτε

/ ἐλλύχνιον μήτε κύμινον μήτε ὀρίγανον μήτε odAds® ΄ / / / 5 A / a

μήτε στέμματα μήτε θυηλήματα, ἀλλὰ λέγειν ὅτι τὰ μικρὰ ταῦτα πολλά ἐστι τοῦ ἐνιαυτοῦ. καὶ τὸ ὅλον δὲ τῶν μικρολόγων καὶ τὰς ἀργυροθήκας

1 Τ᾿, e.g. (introd. p. 21) 2 Unger 3 ΓΚ, cf. περυ- σινόν Ar. Ran. 986: mss (AB and Ambr. P) εἶναι or omi 4 old var. ἀποβ. but cf. Ar. Thesm. 481 δ᾽ mss also σκοποῦ 6 perhaps «εἰ μὴ ἐφ᾽ ᾧ» μηδέ EL cf. M μηδ᾽ ἐᾶν διὰ τοῦ αὐτοῦ ἀγροῦ πορεύεσθαι ἐφ᾽ ᾧ μὴ συκοτραγήσῃ τις 7 mss also κειμένων, Whence Cob. χαμαιπετῶν (x. unaccented in some mss) 8 Foss: mss χρωνν. ® only M, others οὐλὰς

66

CHARACTER X

how many cups each has drunk, and of all the com- pany offer the leanest firstlings to Artemis. When one that has struck him a bargain comes to the reckoning with him, he rejects what he has bought him, saying that you can afford anything with other people’s money.? And if a servant of his break a year-old pot or dish he will subtract the price of it from his food. Should his wife drop a half-farthing, he is one that will shift pots, pans, cupboards, and beds, and rummage the curtains ©; and should he have aught for sale, sell it for so great a price that the buyer will make nothing by it. No man may take a fig from his garden, nor pass through his land, nor pick up a wind-fallen olive or date“; and his landmarks are visited every day in the year to make sure they remain as they were. This man is given to distraining for a debt and exacting usury upon usury ; to setting small slices of meat before his fellow-parishioners ; to returning empty-handed when he goes a-marketing ; and will forbid his wife to lend a neighbour salt, or a lampwick, or aniseed, or marjoram, or barley-groats, or garlands, or incense, ‘for these little things,’ says he ‘come to so much in the year.’ In fine® you may see the money-

@ The club must have been an association under the patronage of Artemis, ᾿Αρτεμιασταί, probably for hunting purposes, cf. C.I.A. iv. 2. 1334 5 (Holland).

> 2,6. as principal he rejects a bargain struck in his behalf by a subordinate; but the reading is uncertain.

4 Or perhaps ‘ pass through his land except on condition that he will not pick up’; dates are the more in point because dates do not ripen well in Greece; cf. Xen. An. ii. 3. 15, Paus. ix. 19. 8.

¢ The remainder is perhaps an addition by another hand.

67

THEOPHRASTUS

ἔστιν ἰδεῖν εὐρωτίωσας Kal τὰς κλεῖς ἰωμένας, καὶ αὐτοὺς δὲ φοροῦντας ἐλάττω τῶν μηρῶν" τὰ ἱμάτια, καὶ ἐκ ληκυθίων μικρῶν πάνυ ἀλειφο- μένους, καὶ ἐν χρῷ κειρομένους, καὶ τὸ μέσον τῆς ἡμέρας ὑπολυομένους," καὶ πρὸς τοὺς γναφεῖς δια- τεινομένους ὅπως τὸ ἱμάτιον αὐτοῖς ἕξει πολλὴν «τὴν» γῆν, ἵνα μὴ βυπαίνηται ταχύ.

ΒΔΕΛΥΡΙΑΣ JA’

Οὐ χαλεπὸν δέ ἐστι τὴν βδελυρίαν διορίσασθαι" ἔστι γὰρ παιδιὰ ἐπιφανὴς καὶ ἐπονείδιστος, ὁ δὲ βδελυρὸς τοιοῦτος, οἷος ἀπαντήσας" γυναιξὶν ἐλευθέραις ἀνασυράμενος δεῖξαι τὸ αἰδοῖον" καὶ ἐν θεάτρῳ κροτεῖν ὅταν of ἄλλοι παύωνται, καὶ συρίττειν οὗς ἡδέως θεωροῦσιν ot λοιποί: καὶ ὅταν σιωπήσῃ τὸ θέατρον ἀνακύψας ἐρυγεῖν, ἵνα τοὺς καθημένους ποιήσῃ μεταστραφῆναι. καὶ πλη- θούσης τῆς ἀγορᾶς προσελθὼν πρὸς τὰ κάρυα ἢ τὰ μῆλα' ἢ τὰ «ἄλλα ἀκρόδρυα ἑστηκὼς τραγηματίζεσθαι ἅμα τῷ πωλοῦντι προσλαλῶν. καὶ καλέσαι δὲ τῶν παρόντων" ὀνομαστί τινα ᾧ μὴ συνήθης ἐστί. καὶ σπεύδοντας δέ ποι ὁρῶν 6 περιμεῖναι κελεῦσαι." καὶ ἡττωμένῳ δὲ μεγάλην

δίκην ἀπιόντι ἀπὸ τοῦ δικαστήριου προσελθεῖν τ καὶ συνησθῆναι. καὶ ὀψωνεῖν ἑαυτῷ" Kat αὐλη-

τῷ

is)

~

1 mss also μικρῶν and μετρῶν (μετρίων 2) 2 mss also ὑποδουμένους (Ambr. P ὑποδύμενος) 3 some mss ὑπ. (from marg. arch., whence M ὑποδεικνύειν below) 4 mss also μύρτα 5 as axp. either includes all fruit or means nuts as

68

CHARACTERS Χ ΧΙ

chests of the penurious covered in mould and their keys in rust, themselves wearing coats short of their thighs. You may see them anoint themselves from tiny oil-flasks, go close-shorn, put off their shoes at midday, and charge the fuller to give their coat plenty of earth so that it may stay the longer clean.

XI. BUFFOONERY

It is not hard to define Buffoonery ; it is a naked and objectionable sportiveness; and the Buffoon is one that will lift his shirt in the presence of free- born women ; and at the theatre will applaud when others cease, hiss actors whom the rest of the audience approves, and raise his head and hiccup when the house is silent, so that he may make the spectators look round. You will find him standing at the time of full-market where they sell nuts or apples or other fruits, and eating of them while he talks to the seller. He will call by name one of the company with whom he is not well acquainted ; and should he see any man in a hurry, is sure to bid him wait. One that has lost a great suit he will accost on his way from court and give him his congratulations. He will do his own marketing and hire flute-

opposed to soft fruit, ὀπώρα, we must either read τὰ ἄλλα

ἀκρ. or suppose τὰ κάρυα to be a gloss ὁ mss also παριόντων 7 Cas: mss που 8 some mss omit 7. k. (introd. p. 18) 9 Cas: mss ἑαυτὸν or αὐτὸν

69

8

9 10

11

THEOPHRASTUS

τρίδας μισθοῦσθαι, καὶ δεικνύειν δὲ τοῖς ἀπαντῶσι τὰ ὠψωνημένα καὶ παρακαλεῖν "Emi ταῦτα, καὶ διηγεῖσθαι προσστὰς" πρὸς κουρεῖον ἢ μυροπώλιον ὅτι μεθύσκεσθαι μέλλει. καὶ ἐξ ὀρνιθοσκόπου τῆς μητρὸς εἰσελθούσης" βλασφημῆσαι: καὶ εὐχομένων καὶ σπενδόντων ἐκβαλεῖν" τὸ ποτήριον καὶ γελάσαι ὥσπερ ἀστεῖόν τι πεποιηκώς" καὶ αὐλούμενος δὲ κροτεῖν ταῖς χερσὶ μόνος τῶν ἄλλων, καὶ συν- τερετίζειν καὶ ἐπιτιμᾶν τῇ αὐλητρίδι ὅτι οὕτω ταχὺ παύσαιτο. καὶ ἀποπτύσαι δὲ βουλόμενος, ὑπὲρ τῆς τραπέζης προσπτύσαι τῷ οἰνοχόῳ.

ΑΚΑΤΙΡΙΑΣ IB’

Ἡ μὲν οὖν ἀκαιρία ἐστὶν ἀπότευξις <Katpoo>* λυποῦσα τοὺς ἐντυγχάνοντας, 6 δὲ ἄκαιρος τοιοῦ- πον Τίς, οἷος ἀσχολουμένῳ προσελθὼν ἀνα- κοινοῦσθαι: καὶ πρὸς τὴν αὑτοῦ ἐρωμένην κω- μάζειν πυρέττουσαν-: καὶ δίκην ὠφληκότα ἐγγύης προσελθὼν κελεῦσαι αὑτὸν ἀναδέξασθαι: καὶ μαρ- τυρήσων παρεῖναι τοῦ , πράγματος ἤδη κεκριμένου" καὶ κεκλημένος. εἰς γάμους τοῦ γυναικείου γένους κατηγορεῖν" καὶ ἐκ ,“μακρᾶς ὁδοῦ ἥκοντας" ἄρτι παρακαλεῖν εἰς περίπατον. δεινὸς δὲ καὶ προσ-

1 the use of ταῦτα rather than αὐτά suggests his actual words, cf. ταύτην xxiii. jin.: Nav. δαῖτα, cf. Xen. Cyr. iv. 2. 37, Plat. Phaed. 247 8 2 Fraenkel-Groeneboom: mss προστὰς 3 here follows, in all mss but V, xxx. § 5 καὶ olvoTwX\av—§ 16 AdBwor; most editors transfer hither from xix. the following passage ; for early misplacements see introd. pp. 17 ff. * mss εἰς (V εἰς ἐξ) ὀρν. and ἐξελθ. 5 Cas: mss ἘΜῈ: 6. Bernard, of. Lys. 24. 18: mss ὡς τεράστιόν τι 1 Eberhard: V τί οὐ ταχὺ παύσαιτο, others μὴ ταχὺ παυσαμένῃ (emendation of mutilated text) 3 Schn: mss ἐπίτευξις (M ἐντ.) 9. mss also -ra

70

CHARACTERS ΧΙ. ΧΙ

players himself; he will show his friends the good things he has bought, and invite them then and there to ‘come and eat this with me’; and will stand beside the shop of the barber or the perfumer, and tell the world that he is about to get drunk. He will use words of illomen when his mother returns from ¢ the diviner’s ; and while the company is at their prayers and libations, will drop the cup and laugh as if he had done something clever. When he is listening to the fluteplayer he will be the only man present to beat time, and will whistle the air, and chide the girl for stopping so soon. And when he would spit something out, he spits it across the table at the butler.

XII. TACTLESSNESS

Now Tactlessness is a pain-giving failure to hit upon the right moment; and your Tactless man he that will accost a busy friend and ask his advice, or serenade his sweetheart when she is sick of a fever. He will go up to one that has gone bail and lost it, and pray him be his surety; and will come to bear witness? after the verdict is given. Should you bid him to a wedding, he will inveigh against womankind. Should you be but now returned from a long journey, he will invite you to a walk. He is given to bringing you one that

2 Or is gone out to.

> Really to guarantee the correctness of his evidence when read by the clerk; it would have been taken at the preliminary proceedings (Nay.).

ΤΙ

©

μι Θ

14

to

oo

--:

THEOPHRASTUS

dyew ὠνητὴν πλείω διδόντα ἤδη πεπρακότι: καὶ ἀκηκοότας καὶ μεμαθηκότας ἀνίστασθαι ἐξ

) ἀρχῆς διδαάξων." καὶ προθύμως" δὲ ἐπιμεληθῆναι

a μὴ βούλεταί τις γενέσθαι αἰσχύνεται δὲ ἀπ- είπασθαι. καὶ θύοντας καὶ ἀναλίσκοντας" ἥκειν

> ΄ \ , 2 τόκον απαιτῆσων. και μαστιγουμενοῦυ οἰκέτου

παρεστὼς διηγεῖσθαι ὅτι καὶ αὑτοῦ ποτε παῖς οὕτως πληγὰς λαβὼν ἀπήγξατο. καὶ παρὼν διαίτῃ συγκρούειν ἀμφοτέρων βουλομένων δια- λύεσθαι. καὶ ὀρχησόμενος" ἅψασθαι ἑτέρου μη- δέπω μεθύοντος.

TIEPIEPTIA IT’

᾿Αμέλει ἡ “περιεργία δόξει εἶναι προσποίησίς τις λόγων καὶ πράξεων μετ᾽ εὐνοίας, ὁ δὲ περί- ἐργος τοιοῦτός τις, οἷος ἐπαγγέλλεσθαι ἀναστὰς ἃ μὴ δυνήσεται: καὶ ὁμολογουμένου τοῦ πράγ-

ε

ματος δικαίου εἶναι évi τινι ἐνστὰς" ἐλεγχθῆναι. καὶ πλείω" δὲ ἐπαναγκάσαι τὸν παῖδα κεράσαι ἢ ὅσα δύνανται οἱ παρόντες. ἐκπιεῖν. καὶ διείρ- γειν τοὺς μαχομένους καὶ οὗς οὐ γινῴσκει. καὶ ἀτραποῦ ἡγήσασθαι τὴν ὁδὸν καταλιπών," εἶτα μὴ δύνασθαι εὑρεῖν ἧ πορεύηται καὶ τὸν

1 Cor: mss -σκων 2 Blaydes: mss -μος 3 introd. Ρ. 14 4 Cas: mss -άμενος 5 Εἰ : mss ἐνστὰς, ἔν τινι στὰς 6 se. ποτήρια. cf. x. 5 * all mss but M omit Thy ὁ. x. (καταλιπεῖν ὁ after πορεύεται). introd. p. 18 8 -ηται

only M: other mss -erac: mss οὗ (corr. to 7 in marg. arch., whence the variant ἧς for ofs above)

2 A comparison of the uses of ἀμέλει by Plato, Xen- ophon, and the Comic poets shows that it introduces or

72

CHARACTERS XII—XIII

will pay more when your bargain is struck; and to rising from his seat to tell a tale all afresh to such as have heard it before and know it well. He is forward to undertake for you what you would not have done but cannot well decline. If you are sacrificing and put to great expense, that is the day he chooses to come and demand his usury. At the flogging of your servant he will stand by and tell how a boy of his hanged himself after just such a flogging as this ; at an arbitration he will set the parties by the ears when both wish to be reconciled; and when he would dance, lay hold of another who is not yet drunk.

XIII. OFFICIOUSNESS

Officiousness, of course,® will seem to be a well- meaning over-assumption of responsibility in word or deed ; and the Officious man one that is like to stand up” and promise to contribute what is beyond his means ; and to object to some one particular of a matter on all hands admitted just, and be refuted. He will make his butler mingle more wine than the company can drink up; will part any that fight together even though he know them not; will leave the high-road to show you a footpath and then

reinforces a reply or virtual reply, with some such meaning as ‘ Never fear,’ ‘ Oh that’s all right,’ cf. Modern Greek ἔννοια cov; in Lue. and [Arist.] it varies between ‘ for instance’ and ‘at any rate’ (cf. γοῦν): in T. the suppressed question is * What is Officiousness, ete.?’ At the beginning of a Char. it suggests ‘I can easily answer that,’ cf. xi. init. * It is not hard to define Buffoonery’; and later in a piece it repeats the same idea; the notion that it means ‘and moreover,’ except perhaps in late writers, is a mistake. » Probably in the Assembly, cf. xxii. 5.

13

THEOPHRASTUS

στρατηγὸν προσελθὼν ἐρωτῆσαι πότε μέλλει παρατάττεσθαι, καὶ τί μετὰ τὴν αὔριον παραγ- 8 yehet.’ καὶ προσελθὼν τῷ πατρὶ εἰπεῖν ὅτι ἡ μήτηρ ἤδη καθεύδει ἐν τῷ δωματίῳ. καὶ

9 ἀπαγορεύοντος τοῦ ἰατροῦ ὅπως μὴ δώσει οἶνον τῷ μαλακιζομένῳ,᾽ φήσας βούλεσθαι διαπειρᾶν δοῦναι «καὶ» ἀνατροπίσαι᾽ τὸν κακῶς ἔχοντα."

10 καὶ γυναικὸς. δὲ τελευτησάσης ἐπιγράψαι ἐπὶ τὸ μνῆμα τοῦ τε ἀνδρὸς αὐτῆς καὶ τοῦ πατρὸς καὶ τῆς μητρὸς καὶ αὐτῆς τῆς γυναικὸς τοὔνομα καὶ ποδαπή ἐστι, καὶ προσεπιγράψαι ὅ ὅτι Οὗτοι πάντες

11 χρηστοὶ ἦσαν. καὶ ὀμνύναι μέλλων εἰπεῖν πρὸς τοὺς περιεστηκότας ὅτι Kat πρότερον πολλάκις ὀμώμοκα.

ΑΝΑΙΣΘΗΣΙΑΣ ITA’

” \ \ e > / e a > ~ ἔστι δὲ καὶ ἡ ἀναισθησία, ὡς ὅρῳ εἰπεῖν, βραδύτης ψυχῆς ἐν λόγοις καὶ πράξεσιν, ὁ δὲ ἀναίσθητος τοιοῦτός τις, οἷος λογισάμενος ταῖς ψήφοις καὶ κεφάλαιον ποιήσας ἐρωτᾶν τὸν παρα- A \

8 καθήμενον Τί γίνεται; Kat δίκην φεύγων καὶ 4 > / / > / > 3 \ ταύτην εἰσιέναι μέλλων ἐπιλαθόμενος εἰς ἀγρὸν «πορεύεσθαι, καὶ θεωρῶν ἐν τῷ θεάτρῳ μόνος καταλείπεσθαι καθεύδων. καὶ πολλὰ φαγὼν τῆς νυκτὸς ἐπὶ θάκου ἀνίστασθαι «καὶ ἐπανιὼν , \ \ , > , ule ee 1 νυστάξαι Kat τὴν θύραν ἀλλογνοήσας»7 ὑπὸ

bo

or

1 most mss παραγγέλλει 2 mss also καλλωπιΐζομένῳ BEL ante τροπίζω: mss βουλί(εύ)εσθαι διάπειραν λαμβάνειν (ef. Diog. L. vii. 86) εὐτρεπίσαι 4 these three words are perh. a gloss 5 mss add καὶ § introd. p. 21: mss also ἐπὶ (ἀπὸ) θώκου: all mss ἀνιστάμενος (hence the interpolated καί): for dvr. ἐπί cf. Dem. lix. 34 (πρός) : of. also Ar. Lys. 1215 ? EF e.g. (introd. p. 21)

74

CHARACTERS XIII—XIV

lose his way. He is the man that goes up to the general and asks when he means to give battle, or what his orders @ will be for the day after to-morrow ; and to his father and says that his mother is by this time asleep in their chamber. When a sick person is forbid wine by the physician, he says that he'll make an experiment, and giving it him puts the poor fellow on his beam-ends. He will inscribe on a woman’s tombstone the names of her husband and both her parents as well as her own name and birth- place, adding * All these were worthy people.’ And when he goes to take his oath he remarks to the bystanders ‘This is by no means the first oath I have taken.’ ὃ

XIV, SLUPIDIRY

Stupidity, to define it, is a slowness of mind in word and deed ; and the Stupid man he, that after he has east up an account, will ask one that sits by what it comes to; when a summons has been taken against him, forgets about it and goes out to his farm on the very day he is to appear ; when he goes to the play is left at the end fast asleep in an empty house. When after a hearty supper he has to get up in the night, he returns only half awake, and missing the right door is bitten by his neighbour’s

@ Or the watchword, cf. Xen. i. 8. 15 f. (Nav.). > Cf. Men. Pk. 569 K.

--- cr

10

11

13

τῷ

οι

THEOPHRASTUS

κυνὸς τῆς τοῦ “γείτονος δηχθῆναι. καὶ "λαβών τιν καὶ ἀποθεὶς αὐτὸς τοῦτο ζητεῖν καὶ μὴ δύνασθαι

7 εὑρεῖν. καὶ ἀπαγγέλλοντός τινος αὐτῷ ὅτι τετε-

λεύτηκέ τις αὐτοῦ τῶν φίλων, ἵνα παραγένηται, σκυθρωπάσας καὶ δακρύσας εἰπεῖν ᾿Αγαθῇ τύχῃ. δεινὸς δὲ καὶ ἀπολαμβάνων ἀργύριον ὀφειλόμενον μάρτυρας παραλαβεῖν" καὶ χειμῶνος ὄντος μάχε- σθαι τῷ παιδὶ ὅτι σικύους οὐκ ἠγόρασεν: καὶ τὰ παιδία" παλαίειν ἀναγκάζων καὶ τροχάζειν εἰς κό- πους ἐμβάλλειν." καὶ ἐν ἀγρῷ αὐτοῖς φακῆν ἕψων δὶς ἅλας εἰς τὴν χύτραν ἐμβαλὼν ἄβρωτον ποιῆσαι:

A “ ~ \ > ~ « “fg ~ Μ ) καὶ ὕοντος τοῦ Διὸς εἰπεῖν «Ηδύ ye τῶν ἄστρων

ὄζει, ὅτε δὴ οἱ ἄλλοι λέγουσι τῆς γῆς" καὶ λέγοντός τινος [[όσους οἴει κατὰ τὰς ἱερὰς πύλας ἐξενηνέχ- θαι νεκρούς; πρὸς τοῦτον εἰπεῖν ὍὍΟσοι ἐμοὶ καὶ σοὶ γένοιντο.

ΑΥ̓ΘΑΔΕΙ͂ΑΣ IE’

Ἢ δὲ αὐθάδειά ἐ ἐστιν ἀπήνεια ὁμιλίας ἐ ἐν λόγοις »" ὁ δὲ αὐθάδης τοιοῦτός τις, οἷος ἐρωτηθεὶς Ὁ δεῖνα ποῦ ἐστιν; εἰπεῖν Πράγματά μοι μὴ πάρεχε" καὶ προσαγορευθεὶς. μὴ ἀντιπροσειπεῖν" καὶ πωλῶν τι μὴ λέγειν τοῖς ὠνουμένοις πόσου vn“ 5 - 5 > > ~ , ,ὔ μὴ - ἂν ἀποδοῖτο, ἀλλ᾽ ἐρωτᾶν τί εὑρίσκει: καὶ τοῖς ~ > A ec A > ~ a τιμῶσι καὶ πέμπουσιν εἰς τὰς ἑορτὰς εἰπεῖν OTL A Yj οὐκ ἂν γένοιτο διδόμενα. καὶ οὐκ ἔχειν" συγ- 1 only in M and Ambr. E and I 2 mss add ἑαυτοῦ (gloss; Ὁ: ΞΙΧ: δ. χα δὴ 3 mss also κόπον ἐμβαλεῖν 4 ὄζει Cor., ὅτε Jebb, τῆς γῆς Schw: mss νομίζει (corr. of νόζει 3) ὅτι and πίσσης (πήσσης) : Mss δὴ καὶ ol, δὴ καὶ, δὴ οἱ 5 mss also ἐξενεχθῆναι 8 «καὶ πράξεσιν Herw. 7 «προῖκα Ta> 616. Nav. 8 mss ἔχων

76

CHARACTERS XIV—XV

dog.* If he receive a gift and put it away with his own hands, he cannot find it when he seeks it. If he be told of a friend’s death so that he may come to the house,’ his face falls, tears come to his eyes, and he says ‘ Good luck to him!’ He is given to calling witnesses to the repayment of money he has lent ; to quarrelling with his man for not buying cucumbers in the winter; to making his children wrestle and run till they are tired out. When he boils his men’s lentil-broth at the farm, he puts salt in the pot twice over and makes it uneatable. When it rains he remarks ‘ What a sweet smell from the sky!’ whereas others say ‘from the ground.’ And when you ask him ‘How many funerals do you think have passed the Sacred Gate ?’ he replies “I only wish you and I had so many.’

XV. SURLINESS

Surliness is a harshness of behaviour in words ; and the Surly man, when you ask him ‘ Where is so- and-so ? ’ is like to reply ‘ Don’t bother me’ ; and is often mum when you wish him good-day. If he be selling to you, he will ask what you will give,° instead of naming his price. Any that give him? compli- mentary gifts at feast-tide are told that they don’t do that for nothing; and there is no pardon for

2 Kmendation doubtful. > For the ceremonial πρόθεσις or laying-out. © Lit. what it is worth (to you). ¢ Not necessarily send.

(er

8 9

THEOPHRASTUS

/ » ~ 5 >) Α > , , ~ γνώμην οὔτε τῷ ἀπώσαντι αὐτὸν ἀκουσίως οὔτε τῷ

Lay 1 ” Pa ἐν \ , \ oo» ἄρσαντι' οὔτε τῷ ἔμβαντι. καὶ φίλῳ δὲ ἔρανον

, > ~ ’ A a >) x“ , κελεύσαντι εἰσενεγκεῖν εἰπὼν ὅτι οὐκ ἂν δοίη, oe a / A /, Ὁ “J / ὕστερον ἥκειν φέρων καὶ λέγειν ὅτι ἀπόλλυσι

A ~ A 5» \ 7) ~ καὶ τοῦτο TO ἀργύριον. καὶ προσπταίσας ἐν TH e ~ A / ~ ,ὔ, \ τῷ ὁδῷ δεινὸς καταράσασθαι τῷ λίθῳ. καὶ ἀνα-

A > act ive , 2 + ‘ , 30 1 depen 10 μέεινᾶὰν οὐκ AL υπομειναι πολὺυν χρονον ουσενα

1

μ᾿

\ "᾿ > ” ca > a ” > ie και οὔτε GOAL οὔτε ρησιν ELTTELY Οὔτε ὀρχήσασθαι

ἂν ἐθελήσαι. δεινὸς δὲ καὶ τοῖς θεοῖς μὴ

ἐπεύχεσθαι."

ΔΕΙΣΙΔΑΙΜΟΝΙΑΣ IS”

᾿Αμέλει ἡ δεισιδαιμονία δόξειεν ἂν εἶναι δειλία

8 \ \ ὃ , ς ὯΔ § ὃ , as τις προς TO OALLLOVLOV, O VE OELOLOALLWY TOLOUTOS

a eg 5 , Ἶ 5 , A τις, οἷος ἐπ᾽ ᾿Εννεακρούνου ἀπονιψάμενος τὰς ~ > A ες ~ χεῖρας Kal περιρρανάμενος, ἀπὸ ἱεροῦ δάφνης" εἰς A e ~ τὸ στόμα λαβών, οὕτω τὴν ἡμέραν περιπατεῖν.

Kal τὴν ὁδὸν ἐὰν ὑπερδράμῃ" γαλῆ, μὴ πρότερον

1 Groeneboom, cf. Sen. Ben. vi. 9. 1 (ἰπώσαντι sugg. 7}: mss ὥσαντι 2 Μ᾽ : mss ὑπομεῖναι 3. 27: τη88 ἠθέλησεί(ν), θελῆσαι 4 some mss add τέλος τῶν τοῦ Θεοφράστου Xapaxrjpwv' ἀλλ᾽ ἔστιν, ὦ Θεόφραστε, χαλεπὸν καθαροὺς τῶν τοιούτων ἰδεῖν ἐν τῷ βίῳ καὶ τῆς ἐν τούτοις κακίας ὅλως ἀφεστηκότας. εἰ μὴ γὰρ τὰ πάντα δοκοίη τις εἶναι κακός, τοῖς γοῦν πλείοσι τοῦ χόρου τῶν ἀρίστων ἐξέωσται. ἢ τοίνυν σοὶ πειθομένους ἡμᾶς τὰς ἁπάντων ὄψεις φυλάττεσθαι δεῖ, ἢ κοινωνοῦντας καὶ λόγων καὶ πράξεων, τὴν ἑκάστου γνώμην (mss also μνήμην) μιμεῖσθαι. ἀλλ᾽ οὕτω μὲν κακίας ἑσμὸς καὶ ἀρετῆς ἀλλοτρίωσις ἕπεται, ἐκείνως (mss -vous) δὲ ἡ μισανθρωπία καὶ τὸ τοῦ Τίμωνος ἔγκλημα. ταύτῃ

78

CHARACTERS XV—XVI

such as unwittingly thrust him aside, bespatter him,* or tread on his toe. When a friend asks him the help of a subscription, it is certain he will first say he won’t give it, and thereafter bring it saying “Here’s more good money gone!’ He is prone, also, to curse the stone he stumbles over in the road. He will not abide to be kept long waiting ; he always refuses to sing, recite, or dance.’ He is apt, also, not to pray to the Gods.°

XVI. SUPERSTITIOUSNESS

Superstitiousness, I need hardly say, would seem to be a sort of cowardice with respect to the divine @ ; and your Superstitious man such as will not sally forth for the day till he have washed his hands and sprinkled himself at the Nine Springs,? and put a bit of bay-leaf from a temple in his mouth. And if a cat cross his path he will not proceed on his way

* Or perhaps squeeze him (in a crowd). ὃ After supper.

¢ i.e. refuse to pray: or, regarding μή as a Christian interpolation, he is apt to curse even the Gods (ef. § 1).

4 Or spiritual. ὁ Or at three springs.

τοι καὶ χαλεπὸν ἑλέσθαι τὸ κρεῖττον Kal δεινὸς ἑκατέρωθεν ὄλισθος 5 Title in V: ἀπὸ τῶν τοῦ Θεοφράστου χαρακτήρων ιδ΄. χαρακτὴρ δεισιδαιμονίας ® only M ΤῈ, of. lsocr. Antid. 287 ; or ἐπὶ Ὑ κρουνῶν, cf. xxviii. 4and Men. Phasm. 55; for ἐπί rather than ἀπό see § 12: V ἐπιχρωνῆν (others omit), corruption of ἐπ᾽ θ΄ κρηνῶν, from ἐπ᾽ θ΄ κρούνου, or of ἐπὶ γ΄ κρουνῶν : for con- fusion of ἡ and ὦ cf. ἀλφίτην below 8 comma 15 (so Nav.); δάφνης partit. gen. : V -νὴν ® Pauw: mss περιδ.. παραδ.

79

ὡς

σι

--

10

THEOPHRASTUS

πορευθῆναι ἕως διεξέλθῃ τις ἢ λίθους τρεῖς ὑπὲρ ~ ες α , 1 Δ ΞΡ 9. » ? a δε, Ths ὁδοῦ διαβάλῃ." καὶ ἐὰν ἴδῃ ὄφιν ἐν τῇ οἰκίᾳ, DN \ , ΄, 2 a 2\ Nie ΄, ἐὰν «μὲν» παρείαν, Σιαβάζιον" καλεῖν, ἐὰν δὲ ἱερόν, ἐνταῦθα ἡρῷον εὐθὺς" ἱδρύσασθαι. καὶ τῶν λιπα- ρῶν λίθων τῶν ἐν ταῖς τριόδοις παριὼν ἐκ τῆς ληκύθου ἔλαιον καταχεῖν καὶ ἐπὶ γόνατα πεσὼν καὶ προσκυνήσας ἀπαλλάττεσθαι. καὶ ἐὰν μῦς θύλακον ἀλφίτων' διαφάγῃ, πρὸς τὸν ἐξηγητὴν ἐλθὼν ἐρωτᾶν τί χρὴ ποιεῖν, καὶ ἐὰν ἀποκρίνηται αὐτῷ ἐκδοῦναι τῷ τ: 3} ἐπιρράψαι, μὴ προσέχειν τούτοις ἀλλ᾽ ἀποτροπαίοις" ἐκλύσασθαι. καὶ πυκνὰ δὲ τὴν οἰκίαν καθᾶραι" δεινὸς ᾿Βκάτης φάσκων ἐπαγωγὴν γεγονέναι" κἀν γλαῦκες βαδί- ζοντος αὐτοῦ «ἀνακράγωσι ," ταράττεσθαι καὶ εἴπας ᾿Αθηνᾶ κρείττων παρελθεῖν οὕτω. καὶ οὔτε ἐπιβῆναι μνήματι οὔτ᾽ ἐπὶ νεκρὸν οὔτ᾽ ἐπὶ λεχὼ > “ > ~ > \ \ ΝΥ / / ἐλθεῖν ἐθελῆσαι, ἀλλὰ τὸ μὴ μιαίνεσθαι συμφέρον αὑτῷ φῆσαι εἶναι. καὶ ταῖς τετράσι δὲ καὶ ταῖς ἑβδομάσιδ τῶν ἡμερῶν" προστάξας οἶνον ἕψειν τοῖς ” > \ > / 4 , ἔνδον, ἐξελθὼν ἀγοράσαι μυρσίνας, λιβανωτόν, ’ὔ 10 \ > \ ” ὃ λέ > Ov. πίνακα, καὶ εἰσελθὼν εἴσω «διατελέσαι ἐπιθύων 1 Sylb: mss -λάβῃ 2 V Σαβάδιον, but ef. xxvii. 8; others omit ἐὰν παρ.--- ἐὰν δὲ 3 Diib: V lepwor (from above) εὖθ. ; others omit (introd. p. 28) _ 4 °V ἀλφίτην, cf. p. 79 n. 7 5 Wytt: mss -πεὶς 8 V καθάραι, others καθαριεῖν 7 Foss, cf. Men. 534. 1 Καὶ; or «κα(κ)- KaBifwor> Bad. adr. (Cob. κακκ. παριόντος), Ar. Lys. 760 8 Im. -μαις: M &’ 9 A: Μ ἡμερῶν (without τῶν), others omit us λιβανωτὸν Foss: V -wrév, others omit ἐθελῆσαι--- ἡμέραν : for πίνακες or πινάκια (which might be read here) with myrtle and taenia cf. Boetticher, Bawmcultus fig. 2; it is a serious objection to Foss’s πόπανα (ef. Men. 129 K,

Sch. Ar. Plut. 1126) that these would be made at home, cf. Ar. Ran, 507

80

CHARACTER XVI

till someone else be gone by, or he have cast three stones across the street. Should he espy a snake in his house, if it be one of the red sort he will call upon Sabazius, if of the sacred, build a shrine then and there. When he passes one of the smooth stones set up at crossroads he anoints it with oil from his flask, and will not go his ways till he have knelt down and worshipped it.t If a mouse gnaw a bag of his meal, he will off to the wizard’s® and ask what he must do, and if the answer be ‘ send it to the cobbler’s to be patched,’ he neglects the advice and frees himself of the ill by rites of aversion. He is for ever purifying his house on the plea that Hecate has been drawn thither.¢ Should owls hoot when he is abroad, he is much put about, and will not on his way till he have cried “ Athena forfend ! ’ Set foot on a tomb he will not, nor come nigh a dead body nor a woman in childbed ; he must keep himself unpolluted. On the fourth” and seventh ὁ days of every month he has wine mulled for his household, and goes out to buy myrtle-boughs, frankincense, and a holy picture,’ and then return- ing spends the livelong day doing sacrifice to the

¢ Cf. Hesych. ὠπωτῆρε, Diog. L. vi. 74.

4 Cf. Ath. xiv. 659 d=Men. 292 Καὶ 320 K.

& Or twenty-fourth (sc. φθίνοντος, which Im. inserts, need- lessly, cf. Dem. xlii. 1); the 4th was Hermes’ day, the 7th Apollo’s, cf. Sch. Ar. Plut. 1126, but Apollo does not seem in point (see below), so Im. compares Hes. Op. 797.

7 Or holy pictures (of the Hermaphrodites ? hung on the myrtle-boughs).

G 81

11

13 14

to

~

THEOPHRASTUS

καὶ)" στεφανῶν τοὺς “Ἑρμαφροδίτους ὅλην τὴν ἡμέραν. καὶ ὅταν ἐνύπνιον ἴδῃ, “πορεύεσθαι πρὸς τοὺς ὀνειροκρίτας, πρὸς τοὺς μάντεις, πρὸς τοὺς ὀρνιθοσκόπους, ἐρωτήσων τίνι θεῶν ἢ θέᾳ προσ-

\ 2 εὔχεσθαι δεῖ." καὶ τελεσθησόμενος πρὸς τοὺς

᾿Ορφεοτελεστὰς κατὰ μῆνα πορεύεσθαι μετὰ τῆς γυναικός, ἐὰν δὲ μὴ σχολάζῃ ἡ γυνή, μετὰ, τῆς τίτθης καὶ τῶν παιδίων. καὶ τῶν περιρραινομένων ἐπὶ θαλάττης ἐπιμελῶς" δόξειεν ἃ ἂν εἶναι. κἄν ποτε ἐπίδῃ ᾿σκορόδῳ ἐστεμμένην «τινὰ τῶν ᾿Ἑκατῶν» τῶν ἐπὶ ταῖς τριόδοις, ἀπελθὼν κατὰ κεφαλῆς λούσασθαι καὶ ἱερείας καλέσας σκίλλῃ ἢ σκύλακι κελεῦσαι αὑτὸν περικαθᾶραι. μαινόμενόν τε ἰδὼν ἢ ἐπίληπτον φρίξας εἰς κόλπον πτύσαι.

ΜΕΜΨΊΜΟΙΡΙΑΣ IZ’

ΠΕ δὲ ε / > / / τι \ ott δὲ ἡ μεμψιμοιρία ἐπιτίμησίς τις παρὰ τὸ προσῆκον τῶν δεδομένων, ὁ δὲ μεμψίμοιρος τοιόσδε τις, οἷος ἀποστείλαντος μερίδα τοῦ φίλου εἰπεῖν πρὸς τὸν φέροντα ᾿Εφθόνησάς μοι τοῦ ζωμοῦ καὶ τοῦ οἰναρίου οὐκ ἐπὶ δεῖπνον καλέσας. καὶ ὑπὸ τῆς ἑταίρας καταφιλούμενος εἰπεῖν Θαυμάζω εἰ σὺ καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς ψυχῆς οὕτω με φιλεῖς. καὶ τῷ

1 Diels-# (introd. p. 22) 2 θεᾶν ὃ Diels sugg. θεῶν ἢ θύειν «ἢ» 3 'V εὔχ. δεῖ τὸ Men ΤΙ ἘΣ. 1995: 10 K, Heracl. Pont. ap. Diog. L. ii. 135 5) Eis Np ἐστεμμένων (for ὦ for ἡ cf. ἐπιχρωνῆν above, § 2 n. 7, and ἐπισκῆψαι Xxix. 3) 8 V ἀπελθόντων corrected from ἐπελθόν- των : others, omitting κἂν--τῶν, καὶ ἐπὶ τοῖς Tp. ἀπελθὼν

7 only in M 82

CHARACTERS XVI—XVII

Hermaphrodites and putting garlands about them.? He never has a dream but he flies to a diviner, or a soothsayer, or an interpreter of visions, to ask what God or Goddess he should appease ; and when he is about to be initiated into the holy orders of Orpheus, he visits the priests every month and his wife with him, or if she have not the time, the nurse and children. He would seem to be one of those who are for ever going? to the seaside to besprinkle themselves ; and if ever he see one of the figures of Hecate at the crossroads wreathed with garlic,’ he is off home to wash his head and summon priestesses whom he bids purify him with the carrying around him of a squill or a puppy-dog. If he catch sight of a madman or an epilept, he shudders and spits in his bosom.?

XVII. QUERULOUSNESS

Grumbling or Querulousness is an undue com- plaining of one’s lot ; and the Grumbler will say to him that brings him a portion from his friend’s table ® ‘You begrudged me your soup and your swipes, or you would have asked me to dine with you. 7 When his mistress is kissing him, ‘ I wonder,’ says he, ‘whether you kiss me thus warmly from

@ Text uncertain, but cf. Men. Georg. 8 and 326 K.

ὃ Instead of on occasions like the Great Mysteries ? but the trait is perhaps interpolated, cf. vi. 7.

¢ Reading uncertain. 4 To avert the ill.

ὁ When you sacrificed an animal you either bid your friends to eat of it with you or sent them portions of the meat only, cf. Men. Sam. 191.

7 He confuses the servant with the master.

83

Or

©

cs

THEOPHRASTUS

Δ, > ~ Aw ἀγανακτεῖν οὐ διότι οὐχ ὕει, ἀλλὰ διότι “ \ ε in 2 > “- ςς α / ὕστερον. καὶ εὑρών τι ἐν TH ὁδῷ βαλλάντιον εἰπεῖν ᾿Αλλ᾽ οὐ θησαυρὸν εὕ ὐδέ ἱ ( \" οὐ θησαυρὸν εὕρηκα οὐδέποτε. καὶ πριάμενος ἀνδράποδον ἄξιον καὶ πολλὰ δεηθεὶς τοῦ πωλοῦντος Θαυμάζω, εἰπεῖν, ὅτι ὑγιὲς οὕτω ἄξιον Siar. \ A \ ἐώνημαι: Kal πρὸς τὸν εὐαγγελιζόμενον ὅτι “Ὑιός σοι γέγονεν εἰπεῖν ὅτι “Av προσθῇς καὶ τῆς οὐσίας A TO , ἥμισυ ἀπέστης," ἀληθῆ ἐρεῖς. καὶ δίκην νικήσας" λαβὼν πάσας τὰς ψήφους ἐγκαλεῖν τῷ / \ / «ε \ / ~ γράψαντι tov λόγον ὡς πολλὰ παραλελοιπότι τῶν / > ~ δικαίων. καὶ ἐράνου εἰσενεχθέντος παρὰ τῶν ir \ / / sali \ wv 0 K A ~ φίλων καὶ φήσαντός τινος “IXapos ἴσθι, Kai πῶς; > “-“ - ~ εἰπεῖν, ὅτε" δεῖ τἀργύριον ἀποδοῦναι ἑκάστῳ Kal \ χωρὶς τούτων χάριν ὀφείλειν ὡς εὐεργετημένον ;

AJITXTIAX TH’

” > / « 5 / / > / Eorw ἀμέλει 7 απιστια ὑπόληψις τις ἀδικίας

\ / € \ ld ~ / e κατα πάντων, O δὲ ἄπιστος TOLOUTOS τις, OLOS

> / \ A > Dr - “ ἀποστείλας τὸν παῖδα ὀψωνήσοντα ἕτερον παῖδα > / \ / J > / \ ἐπιπέμπειν" τον πευσομέενον ποσοῦ επριατο. και

/, ‘ A > 4 \ \ /

φέρειν᾽ αὐτὸς τὸ ἀργύριον Kal κατὰ στάδιον

,ὔ 3 ~ / > ‘ \ \ a καθίζων ἀριθμεῖν ποσον εστι. και Τὴν γυναικα \ «ς ~ > ~ / > / \ THY QUTOVU EpWTav κατακείμενος“ ει κέκλεικε THY / \ > / A Th \ > κιβωτόν, και ει σεσήημανται TO KvAuKovxXLoV,” και ει ec \ > \ > tp 10 > / \ nv ὁ μοχλὸς εἰς τὴν αὐλείαν"" ἐμβέβληται: καὶ ἂν 1M ay. ὅτι οὐχ ὕει, omitting ἀλλὰ 6. ὕ. : others οὐ διότι ὕει κτλ. 2 V omits: others τι καὶ, καὶ, τι (or βαλλαντιοτι below), i.e. τι in marg. arch. 3 Im: V ἀπέστη. others ἄπεστιν 4 Cas: mss νίκην v.: mss add καί, but ef. xxii. 9 5 Cas: mss ὅτε» cf. Ar. Nub. 716 6 only M: others πέμπ. 7 Cor: mss. -ων 8 Μ νυκτὸς

συγκαθεύδων 9. mss κυλιούχιον, κοιλιούχιον 10 Μ τῇ αὐλαία, cf. Men. 564 K: others εἰς τὴν θύραν τὴν αὐλ.

84

CHARACTERS XVII—XVIII

your heart.’ He is displeased with Zeus not because he sends no rain, but because he has been so long about sending it. When he finds a purse in the street, it is ‘Ah! but I never found a treasure.’ When he has bought a servant cheap with much importuning the seller, ‘I wonder,’ cries he, * if my bargain’s too cheap to be good.’ When they bring him the good news that he has a son born to him,* then it is ‘ If you add that I have lost half my fortune, you'll speak the truth.’ Should this man win a suit-at-law by a unanimous verdict, he is sure to find fault with his speech-writer® for omitting so many of the pleas. And if a subscription have been made him among his friends, and one of them say to him ‘ You may cheer up now, ‘What?’ he will say, ‘when I must repay each man his share and be beholden to him to boot ? ’

XVIII. DISTRUSTFULNESS

It goes without saying that Distrustfulness is a presumption of dishonesty against all mankind ; and the Distrustful man is he that will send one servant off to market and then another to learn what price he paid; and will carry his own money ® and sit down every furlong to count it over. When he is abed he will ask his wife if the coffer be locked and the cupboard sealed and the house-door bolted, and

α΄ Cf. Men. Ep. 316. » Litigants read speeches written for them by their counsel. ¢ Instead of intrusting it to his lackey.

85

-τ

iv)

©

THEOPHRASTUS

ἐκείνη Pi μηδὲν ἧττον αὐτὸς ἀναστὰς ἐκ τῶν

στρωμάτων γυμνὸς καὶ ἀνυπόδητος" τὸν λύχνον

ἅψας ταῦτα πάντα περιδραμὼν ἐπισκέψασθαι, καὶ

οὕτω μόλις ὕπνου τυγχάνειν. καὶ τοὺς ὀφείλοντας

αὐτῷ ἀργύριον μετὰ μαρτύρων ἀπαιτεῖν τοὺς \

ΣῊ σ΄ , 2 , \ " τόκους, ὅπως μὴ δύναιντο" ἔξαρνοι γενέσθαι. καὶ

τὸ ἱμάτιον δὲ ἐκδοῦναι δεινός, οὐχ ὃς βέλτιστα ἐργάσεται," ἀλλ᾽ οὗ av" ἧ ἄξιος ἐγγυητής. καὶ ὅταν ἥκῃ τις αἰτησόμενος ἐκπώματα, μάλιστα μὲν μὴ δοῦναι, ἂν δ᾽ ἄρα τις οἰκεῖος a Kal ἀναγκαῖος, μόνον οὐ πυρώσας" καὶ στήσας καὶ σχεδὸν ἐγγυητὴν λαβὼν χρῆσαι. καὶ τὸν παῖδα δὲ ἀκολουθοῦντα κελεύειν αὑτοῦ ὄπισθεν μὴ βαδίζειν ἀλλ᾽ ἔμπροσθεν, ἵνα φυλάττηται αὐτῷ μὴ ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ ἀποδρᾷ. καὶ τοῖς εἰληφόσι τι παρ᾽ αὐτοῦ καὶ λέγουσι Πόσου, κατάθου," οὐ γὰρ σχολάζω πω πέμπειν, «εἰπεῖν» 7 Μηδὲν πραγματεύου: ἐγὼ γὰρ «ἕως»" ἂν σὺ σχολάσῃς, συνακολουθήσω.

AYXXEPEIA 1Θ΄

ΕΙΣ \ ¢€ , > , vA Eon δὲ ἡ δυσχέρεια. ἀθεραπευσία σώματος λύπης παρασκευαστική, ὁ δὲ δυσχερὴς τοιοῦτός τις, οἷος λέπραν ἔ ἔχων καὶ ἀλφὸν καὶ τοὺς ὄνυχας μεγάλους περιπατεῖν, καὶ φῆσαι ταῦτα εἶναι αὑτῷ \9 > ΄, $9 \ > \10 Aas συγγενικὰ ἀρρωστήματα" ἔχειν yap αὐτὰ" καὶ Tov 1 so M: others γ ἐκ τ. στρ. καὶ avuT. (ἐ.6. ἐκ τῶν στρ. in marg. arch.) 2 Jebb δύνωνται *Salm: cf. 1x76;

Ar. Pax 371, Lys. 614, Lysias 23. 2, Men. Ep. 218: mss ὡς B. ἐργάσεται (V épydonra); for ἐργ. cf. Plat. Meno 91D

4 E: mss ὅταν (introd. p. 22) 5 Foss ὄνομ᾽ ἐντυπώσας 6 or Πόσου κατάθου ZC as: 8 Madv. (see opp.) 9. mss also -γενῆ 10 Meier: mss -τὸν

86

CHARACTERS XVIII—XIX

for all she may say Yes, he will himself α rise naked and bare-foot from the blankets and light the candle and run round the house to see, and even so will hardly go to sleep. Those that owe him money find him demand the usury before witnesses, so that they shall never by any means deny that he has asked it. His cloak is put out to wash not where it will be fulled best, but where the fuller gives him good security. And when a neighbour comes a-borrowing drinking-cups he will refuse him if he can; should he perchance be a great friend or a kinsman, he will lend them, yet almost weigh them and assay them,? if not take security for them, before he does so. When his servant attends him he is bidden go before and not behind, so that he may make sure he do not take himself off by the way.° And to any man that has bought of him and says ‘ Reckon it up and set it down’; I cannot send for the money just yet, he replies, ‘ Never mind; 1 will go with you till you can.’ ¢

XIX. NASTINESS

Nastiness is a neglect of the person which is painful to others; and your Nasty fellow such as will walk the town with the scall and the scab upon him and with bad nails,’ and boast that these ail-

2 i.e. instead of sending a slave.

> Or perhaps scratch his name on them; contrast Arcesi- laus, Diog. L. iv. 38. σ φυλάττηται passive.

4 Se. εἰς βιβλίον, cf. Dem. 1401. 19 ; or perhaps put down how much (I owe you).

87

oo

τῷ

THEOPHRASTUS

πατέρα Kal τὸν πάππον, Kal οὐκ εἶναι ῥᾷδιον 393. AY > \ , ε / Seay Ned \ αὐτῶν' εἰς τὸ γένος ὑποβάλλεσθαι. ἀμέλει δὲ δεινὸς καὶ ἕλκη ἔχειν ἐν τοῖς ἀντικνημίοις καὶ προσπταίσματα ἐν τοῖς δακτύλοις, καὶ ταῦτα" μὴ θεραπεῦσαι ἀλλ᾽ ἐᾶσαι θηριωθῆναι: καὶ τὰς μα- 2 4 ΓΑ \ / ” Μ eS | σχάλας δὲ θηριώδεις καὶ δασείας ἔχειν ἄχρι ἐπὶ ~ ~ > Α πολὺ τῶν πλευρῶν, καὶ τοὺς ὀδόντας μέλανας καὶ ἐσθιομένους." καὶ τὰ τοιαῦτα: ἐσθίων ἀπομύτ- / 9 > ~ 4 ~ > / τεσθαι- θύων ἅμ᾽ ἀδαξᾶσθαι". προσλαλῶν ἀπορρί- πτειν ἀπὸ τοῦ στόματος" ἅμα πιὼν προσερυγγάνειν" A ~ A ἀναπόνιπτος ev Tots ἐμβάσι μετὰ τῆς γυναικὸς" ~ ~ / κοιμᾶσθαι: ἐλαίῳ σαπρῷ ev βαλανείῳ χριόμενος

Ἢ 7 7 \ , \ Nig See, φθύζεσθαιϊ. Kal χιτωνίσκον παχὺν καὶ ἱμάτιον

σφόδρα λέπτονἣ καὶ κηλίδων μεστὸν ἀναβαλόμενος" εἰς ἀγορὰν ἐξελθεῖν."

AHAIA® Κ΄

Ἔστι δὲ ἡ ἀηδία, ὡς ὅρῳ περιλαβεῖν," ἔντευξις

/ = Ὧν > A ~ , λύπης “ποιητικὴ ἄνευ βλάβης, ὁ δὲ ἀηδὴς τοιοῦτος τις, οἷος ἐγείρειν ἄρτι καθεύδοντα εἰσελθών, ἵνα αὐτῷ συλλαλῇ""- καὶ ἀνάγεσθαι ἤδη" μέλλοντας κωλύειν: καὶ προσελθόντων δεῖσθαι ἐπισχεῖν ἕως ἂν

1 Meist: V -τὸν 2 V omits 3 mss incorp. gloss ὥστε δυσέντευκτος εἶναι Kal ἀηδής 4 Diels: V θύων ἅμα δ᾽ ἄρξασθαι, others θύειν ἀρξάμενος and then προσλαλεῖν καὶ ἀπ.

δ ἀναπόν. Badh: ἐν τ. ἐμβ. EL, cf. xxi. 8 n. and ἐμβασικοίτας Ath. 469 a and Petron. 24: V ἀναπίπτοντος ἐν τ. στρώμασι,

others omit ἀναπ. . . κοιμᾶσθαι 8. mss insert αὐτοῦ, 1.6. αὑτοῦ, a gloss, cf. xiv. 10 7 BE, cf. ἐπιφθύζω: V χρώμενος σφύζεσθαι. others χρίεσθαι, χρᾶσθαι, χρῆσθαι only 8 «ἅμα φορεῖν» ? ® Jebb: mss ἀναβαλλ. 10 the remainder is rightly transferred by most editors to Char. xi. ΤΕ. λαβεῖν 12. so M: others λαλῇ 13 Schn: mss δὴ

88

CHARACTERS XIX—XX

ments are hereditary ; his father and his grandfather had them before him and ’tis no easy matter to be foisted into Ais family. He is like also, I warrant you, to have gatherings on his shins and sores on his toes, and seek no remedy, but rather let them grow rank. He will keep himself as shaggy as a beast, with hair well-nigh all over his body, and his teeth all black and rotten.¢ These also are marks of the man :—to blow his nose at table ;® to bite his nails° when he is sacrificing with you; to spit from his mouth when he is talking with you ; when he has drunken with you, to hiccup in your face. He will go to bed with his wife with hands un- washed@ and his shoes on; spit on himself at the baths when his oil is rancid’; and go forth to the market-place clad in a thick shirt and a very thin

coat, and this covered with stains./ 2

XX. ILL-BREEDING

Ill- breeding, if we may define it, is a sort of behaviour which gives pain without harm; and the Ill-bred man is one that will awake you to talk with him when you are but now fallen asleep; hinder you when you are this moment about to set forth on a journey ; and when you come to speak to him, beg

« Cf. Alciphr. ii. 25 (iii. 28).

4 It was usual to wash the hands after supper, cf. Ar. Eccl. 419; they used no spoons or forks.

“ And therefore thickened, so as to require supplementing.

7 Or perhaps wear a thick shirt with a very thin coat, and go forth into the market-place in a coat covered with stains.

89

THEOPHRASTUS

ee Pi \ \ , - , > , 5 βηματίσῃ"" καὶ τὸ παιδίον τῆς τίτθης ἀφελόμενος, / / \ μασώμενος σιτίζειν αὐτός, καὶ ὑποκορίζεσθαι ποππύζων καὶ πανουργημάτιον τοῦ πάππου = ~ A > A. 3 δὲ “ ὃ ~ 6 ε Ξλλέ ὁ καλῶν. καὶ ἐσθίων" δὲ ἅμα διηγεῖσθαι ὡς ἐλλέ- βορον πιὼν ἄνω καὶ κάτω καθαρθείη, καὶ ζωμοῦ τοῦ παρακειμένου ἐν τοῖς ὑποχωρήμασιν αὐτῷ 7 μελαντέρα «εἴη» ἡ χολή. καὶ ἐρωτῆσαι. δὲ δεινὸς ἐναντίον τῶν οἰκετῶν" Εἰπέ «μοι, ὦ» μάμμη," ὅτ᾽ \ 8 ὦδινες Kal με ETLKTES, ποία τις «ἡ» ἡμέρα; " καὶ ς \ Ε] ~ \ / ¢€ ¢€ / > \ > / ὑπὲρ αὐτῆς δὲ λέγειν ws ἡδύ ἐστι καὶ «ἀλγεινόν, \ τὴ pa / ὃ \ 3 ” Ε] e (ὃ Μ θ καὶ» ἀμφότερα δὲ οὐκ ἔχοντα οὐ ῥᾷάδιον ἄνθρωπον A e 3 A / 9 λαβεῖν: καὶ «ἑστιώμενος δὲ εἰπεῖν» ὅτι ψυχρόν ~ A \ ~ ἐστι παρ᾽ αὑτῷ «τὸ» λακκαῖον, καὶ ὡς κῆπος A ΄, > λάχανα πολλὰ ἔχων καὶ ἁπαλὰ" καὶ μάγειρος εὖ τὸ ὄψον σκευάζων' καὶ ὅτι ἡ οἰκία αὐτοῦ παν- δοκεῖόν ἐστι, μεστὴ γὰρ ἀεί". καὶ τοὺς φίλους ~ \ / s / A αὐτὸῦ εἶναι τὸν τετρημένον ΕΣ εὖ ποτίζων yap > \ > ὃ ΄ θ > An ‘ ἕ / ὃ A 10 αὐτοὺς οὐ δύνασθαι ἐμπλῆσαι. Kai Eevilwv δὲ - ~ A > ~ δεῖξαι τὸν παράσιτον αὐτοῦ ποῖός Tis ἐστι τῷ ~ ~ \ ~ / συνδειπνοῦντι" Kal παρακαλῶν δὲ ἐπὶ τοῦ ποτηρίου “- \ \ ’, te εἰπεῖν ὅτι TO τέρψον τοὺς παρόντας παρεσκεύασται, καὶ ὅτι αὐτήν, ἐὰν κελεύσωσιν, ὁ παῖς μέτεισι

12,6. dum cacet: so M: others περιπατήσῃ correction of gloss ἀποπατήσῃ, cf. δεσμωτήριον for κέραμον Vi. 6 2 Cob.-#:

ν πανουργιῶν, others omit καὶ may... . καλῶν (introd. Ρ- 25) 3 ἑστιῶν ? cf. xxiv. 9 * Courier, cf. xxx. 9: mss οἰκείων 5 F (introd. p. 23): V εἴπου (corr. to elrep) μάμμη, others omit eiz.... Καὶ 8 Foss-H: V ὅτ᾽ ὥδ. κ. érixrés pe ὩΣ

ἡμέρα, which would mean ‘ what day of the month,’ ¢f. iii. and Alciphr. 3. 4 init. (3.7); other mss ws ποίᾳ ἡμέρᾳ με ae (introd. p. 24) 7 Im.-# 8 EH (introd. p. 22) 9. ff: mss incorp. gloss ὕδωρ after ψυχρόν 1. V adds incorp. gloss on λακκαῖον, ὥστε εἷναι ψυχρόν, others omit ὥστε. . . . σκευάζων 11 Foss: mss ἐστι 12 Pas: mss ποιῶν yap: cf. xiv. 12 for the corruption

90

CHARACTER XX

you to wait till he have been round the corner. He will take the child from the nurse and feed it from his own mouth, and make sounds of kissing while he ealls it by such pretty names as ‘ Daddy’s bit of wickedness.’* When he is eating with you he will relate how he once took hellebore and was purged at both ends, and the bile from his bowels ‘ was as black as this soup.’ He is prone to ask before the servants such questions as this: ‘ Tell me, Mammy, how went the day with you when you were brought to bed of me?’ and will reply for her that there's both pleasure and pain to it, and that no man living can easily have the one without the other.? When he is out to dinner he will remark that he has cold water in his cistern at home, and there’s a garden with plenty of excellent vegetables and a cook that knows his business ; his house is a perfect inn, it is always so full of guests; and his friends are like the leaky cask ‘—drench them as he will he cannot fill them. When he entertains strangers, he displays the qualities of his parasite or goodfellow ; and when he would make his guests merrier over the wine, tells them that the company’s diversion is provided for ; they have but to say the word and his man shall go

« The rest of the Character shows that this is intended more literally than some editors would think.

ὃ ἔχοντα neuter plural ; lit. can get things which have, etc.

¢ Of the Danaids.

OI

THEOPHRASTUS

A ~ 4, ” σ 4 e ᾽ παρὰ τοῦ πορνοβόσκου ἤδη, Ὅπως πάντες ὑπ αὐτῆς αὐλώμεθα καὶ εὐφραινώμεθα.

ΜΙΚΡΟΦΙΛΟΤΙΜΙΑΣ KA’

7, > A

Ἢ δὲ μικροφιλοτιμία δόξει εἶναι ὄρεξις τιμῆς > ΄ 1 ε \ / eh ἀνελεύθερος, ὁ δὲ μικροφιλότιμος τοιοῦτός τις, 2 οἷος σπουδάσαι ἐπὶ δεῖπνον κληθεὶς παρ᾽ αὐτὸν τὸν 8 καλέσαντα κατακείμενος δειπνῆσαι: καὶ τὸν υἱὸν « ἀποκεῖραι ἀπαγαγὼν" εἰς Δελφούς. καὶ ἐπιμελη- ~ \ “ e ~ e > / 527 yA

θῆναι δὲ ὅπως αὑτῷ 6 ἀκόλουθος Αἰθίοψ eora: δ καὶ ἀποδιδοὺς μνᾶν ἀργυρίου καινὸν ποιῆσαι

3 A \ “- νιν 7, ῃ 6 ἀποδοῦναι. καὶ κολοιῷ δὲ ἔνδον τρεφομένῳ δεινὸς κλιμάκιον πρίασθαι, καὶ ἀσπίδιον χαλκοῦν ποιῆσαι ὃ ἔχων ἐπὶ τοῦ κλιμακίου ὁ κολοιὸς πηδήσεται:" καὶ βοῦν θύσας τὸ προμετωπίδιον ἀπαντικρὺ τῆς εἰσόδου προσπατταλεῦσαι" στέμμασι μεγάλοις περι- δήσας, ὅπως οἱ εἰσιόντες ἴδωσιν' ὅτι βοῦν ἔθυσε. 8 καὶ πομπεύσας δὲ μετὰ τῶν ἱππέων τὰ μὲν ἄλλα πάντα ἀποδοῦναι τῷ παιδὶ ἀπενεγκεῖν οἴκαδε, > / 6 δὲ > ΄, > A ΄ 7 \ ἀναβαλόμενος" δὲ θοἰμάτιον ἐν τοῖς μύωψι κατὰ 9 τὴν ἀγορὰν περιπατεῖν. καὶ κυναρίου δὲ Μελιταίου τελευτήσαντος αὐτῷ, μνῆμα ποιῆσαι καὶ στηλίδιον 10 ἀναστήσας" ἐπιγράψαι Κλάδος Μελιταῖος: καὶ

1

1 mss also -pov Ἀν ἀγαγών, but cf. ix. 2 ἀπελθών : Foss ἀπάγειν : Schneid. ἀναγαγών jperh. rightly, cf. Diog. L. 111. 25 εἰς ᾿Ολύμπια ἀνιόντος 7 ee 4 εἰδῶσιν ? 5 V δοῦναι § mss ἀναβαλλ. 7 of. Ar. Lys. 1140, Eecl. 47, 303, Men. Sam. 166 8 introd. p. 22: mss ποιήσας : Im. στηλίδιον, ποιήσας ἐπιγράψαι

92

CHARACTERS XX—XXI

forthwith to fetch the girl from the brothel, ‘so that we may all have the pleasure of listening to her music.’ ὦ

ΧΧΙ. ΡΕΤΤῪ PRIDE

Petty Pride will seem to be a vulgar appetite for distinction ; and the Pettily-proud man of a kind that when he is invited out to dine must needs find place to dine next the host ; and that will take his son off to Delphi to cut his first hair. Nothing will please him but his lackey shall be a blackamoor. When he pays a pound of silver he has them pay it in new coin. He is apt, this man, if he keep a pet jackdaw, to buy a little ladder and make a little bronze shield for that jackdaw to wear while he hops up and down upon the ladder.’ Should he sacrifice an ox, the scalp or frontlet is nailed up, heavily garlanded, over against the entrance of his house,° so that all that come in may see ὦ it is an ox he has sacrificed. When he goes in procession with the other knights, his man may take all the rest of his gear away home for him, but he puts on the cloak and makes his round of the market-place in his spurs. Should his Melitean lap-dog die, he will make him a tomb and set up on it a stone to say ‘ Branch, of Melité.7’ Should he have cause to dedicate a bronze

* The ill-breeding prob. does not lie in speaking of the brothel, but the host should either have provided a flute- player or said nothing about it.

δ Like a soldier on a scaling-ladder at the taking of a city.

* On the opposite side of the peristyle ἢ

4 Or perhaps more likely know.

¢ That he was sacrificing some animal would be clear from the smell. 7 See Index, Melite.

93

11

18

14

THEOPHRASTUS

ἀναθεὶς δάκτυλον' χαλκοῦν ἐν τῷ ᾿Ασκληπιείῳ, τοῦτον ἐκτρίβειν, στεφανοῦν," ἀλείφειν, ὁσημέραι. ἀμέλει δὲ καὶ διοικήσασθαι. παρὰ τῶν «συμπρυ- τανέων" ὅπως ἀπαγγείλῃ τῷ δήμῳ τὰ ἱερά, καὶ παρεσκευασμένος λαμπρὸν ἱμάτιον καὶ ἐστεφα- / A > A sy " 3 “- νωμένος παρελθὼν εἰπεῖν Ὦ dvdpes ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ἐθύομεν οἱ πρυτάνεις" τῇ Μητρὶ τῶν θεῶν τὰ / 4 \ \ A ς / 5 \ ¢ A ᾽ὔ 6 Γαλάξια, καὶ καλὰ τὰ ἱερά, καὶ ὑμεῖς δέχεσθε τὰ ἀγαθά: καὶ ταῦτα ἀπαγγείλας ἀπιὼν διηγή- ΕΣ ~ ¢ ~ \ e ITE \ σασθαι οἴκαδε τῇ αὑτοῦ γυναικὶ ὡς καθ᾽ ὑπερβολὴν εὐημερεῖ.ἷ Καὶ πλειστάκις δὲ ἀποκείρασθαι, καὶ τοὺς 300 A \ ” 8 \ \ e / δὲ A ὀδόντας λευκοὺς ἔχειν. Kal τὰ ἱμάτια δὲ χρηστὰ μεταβάλλεσθαι, καὶ χρίσματι ἀλείφεσθαι. καὶ τῆς μὲν ἀγορᾶς πρὸς τὰς τραπέζας προσφοιτᾶν," τῶν δὲ γυμνασίων ἐν τούτοις διατρίβειν οὗ ἂν οἷ᾽ ἔφη- βοι γυμνάζωνται, τοῦ δὲ θεάτρου καθῆσθαι, ὅταν ἢ θέα," πλησίον τῶν στρατηγῶν. καὶ ἀγοράζειν αὐτὸς μὲν" μηδέν, ξένοις δὲ συνεργεῖν ἐπι- / ΔΘ > / \ \ στάλματα, «καὶ ἅλας» εἰς Βυζάντιον καὶ Λακωνικὰς κύνας εἰς Κύζικον πέμπειν"" καὶ μέλι ᾿Ὑμήττιον εἰς “Ρόδον: καὶ ταῦτα ποιῶν τοῖς ἐν τῇ πόλει δι- \ ἡγεῖσθαι. ἀμέλει δὲ καὶ πίθηκον θρέψαι δεινός, καὶ

1 Naber: Πη55τἰ|ὸὺρ 2.Πη85 τοῦτα 3. Herw: mss συνδιοικ. and πρυτ. (introd. p. 22), after which they incorporate gloss τὰ ἱερὰ 4 Wil: V τὰ γὰρ ἄξια, others ἄξια δε τὰ ἱερὰ καλά, others omit τὰ ἱερά (͵.6. τὰ ἱερὰ in marg. arch. ) 6 V δέχ.: others ἐδέχ. 7 for tense cf. νικᾷ and for meaning Ath. 584d: most mss -εῖν 8 all mss and P(ap. Hercul. 1457) have this and the following §§ after θλιβόμενος Char. V, see opp. 9 P προσέρχεσθαι 10 οἱ in P only 11 mss also ἡ θέα 12 mss and P αὐτόν μὲν, mss also μὲν αὐτὸν 13 introd. p. 25

94

CHARACTER ΧΧΙ

finger or toe in the temple of Asclepius,? he is sure to polish it, wreathe it, and anoint it, every day. This man, it is plain, will contrive it with his fellow- magistrates that it be he that shall proclaim the sacrifice to the people ; and providing himself a clean coat and setting a wreath on his head, will stand forth and say πὸ Magistrates have performed the rites of the Milk-Feast, Athenians, in honour of the Mother of the Gods ; the sacrifice is propitious, and do you accept the blessing.’® This done he will away home and tell his wife what a great success he has had.

He is shorn, this man,’ many times in the month ; keeps his teeth white ; gets a new cloak when the old one is still good; uses unguent for oil. In the market-place he haunts the banks ; of the wrestling- schools he chooses those to dally in where the youths practise ; ὦ and when there is a show at the theatre he will sit next to the generals. He does no buying for himself, but aids foreigners in exporting goods abroad, and sends salt to Byzantium, Spartan hounds to Cyzicus, Hymettian honey to Rhodes ; and when he does so, lets the world know it. It goes without saying that he is apt to keep a pet monkey; and

@ Asa votive offering in return for the cure of that member : or, keeping the text, ring.

> Text uncertain; the point would seem to lie either in the (unusual ?) specification of the feast or in the unimport- ance of this particular feast ; ¢f. [Dem.] Proem 54.

¢ The following passage, which the mss, including P, give at the end of Char. V., is generally thought to belong here ; but it may have belonged once to a separate Char., cf. the previous § with § 16.

@ j.e. the public ones, not the private ones for boys (Nav.).

95

_

bo

3 4

THEOPHRASTUS

, 1 ΄, \ \ , Titupov’ κτήσασθαι, καὶ Σικελικὰς περιστεράς, \

καὶ δορκαδείους ἀστραγάλους, καὶ Θουριακὰς" τῶν στρογγύλων ληκύθους, καὶ βακτηρίας τῶν

~ > ,ὔ \ b) / / > σκολιῶν ἐκ Λακεδαίμονος, καὶ αὐλαίαν Ilépoas ἐν- υφασμένην, καὶ παλαιστρίδιον᾽ κόνιν ἔχον καὶ

s σφαιριστήριον: καὶ τοῦτο περιὼν χρηννύναι" τοῖς

φιλοσόφοις,; τοῖς σοφισταῖς, τοῖς ὁπλομάχοις, τοῖς ἁρμονικοῖς ἐνεπιδείκνυσθαι. καὶ αὐτὸς ἐν τοῖς ἐπιδείξεσιν ὕστερον ἐπεισιέναι ἤδη συγ- καθημένων, ἵν᾽ εἴπη τῶν θεωμένων «ὃ ἕτερος» πρὸς τὸν ἕτερον ὅτι Τούτου ἐστὶν ἡ παλαίστρα.

ANEAEYOEPIA KB’

5 / > \ / /

Ἢ δὲ ἀνελευθερία ἐστὶ πάρεσίς τις" φιλοτιμίας ΄ ε 5 ~ / δαπάνην ἐχούσης," ὁ δὲ ἀνελεύθερος τοιοῦτός τις, το Uy \ J, > ~ ~ οἷος νικῆσας τραγῳδοὺς ταινίαν ἀναθεῖναι τῷ A » , 12 > / / 13 ¢e ~ A ιονύσῳ ξυλίνην," ἐπιγράψας μόνον" αὑτοῦ τὸ > lol

ὄνομα: καὶ ἐπιδόσεων γινομένων ἐκ τοῦ δήμου,"

΄ A > ~ > ~ \ > ἀναστὰς σιωπᾶν ἢ ἐκ τοῦ μέσου ἀπελθεῖν: καὶ ἐκ-

\ ~ / ~ ¢€ / A ~ διδοὺς αὑτοῦ θυγατέρα τοῦ μὲν ἱερείου πλὴν τῶν 1 Sch. Δωριεῖς τὸν σάτυρον" καὶ ἔστι δὲ ὁ μικρὰν ἔχων οὐρὰν πίθηκος and in one ms 3 obscure words, for the first 2 of which Knox suggests Ῥίνθωνος ἡ χρῆσις 2 of. Callim. 239 (85 Mair) 3 Sch. (cf. Ambr. O) of Θούριοι ἔθνος Ταραντινικὸν ἐν ᾧ λήκυθοι εἰργάζοντο διαφέρουσαι τῶν ἄλλων 4. Cob. and P: mss ἔχουσαν ἹΠέρσας ἐνυφασμένους (cf. Diog. L. vi. 102) 5 so P: mss αὐλίδιον παλαιστριαῖον (παλαιστρικόν), incorp. gloss 6 P χρωννύναι * P omits, perh. in- tentionally; Philodemus wasa philosopher himself 8 Cob. and P: mss ἐπιδ. 9 introd, p. 26 τ fDi Mss περιουσία τις ἀπὸ (ἀπὸ incorp. correction to ἀπουσία) 1 Diels: mss -ca 12 V ξυλίνην ἀναθ. τῷ A. (i.e. & in marg. of arch.) 13 Hanow: V μὲν, others omit; Madv.

μέλανι 14 Meier ἐν τῷ δήμῳ. cf. Dem. 21. 161

96

CHARACTERS XXI—XXII

the ape he keeps is of the satyr kind ; his doves are Sicilian ; his knuckle-bones ὦ antelope ; his oil-flasks the round flasks from Thurii ; his walking-sticks the crooked sticks from Sparta ; he has a tapestry curtain with Persians upon it; and a little wrestling-place of his own with a sanded floor and a ball-court. The last he goes around lending to philosophers, sophists, masters-at-arms, teachers of music, for their displays ;® which he himself attends, coming in late so that the company may say one to another, © That is the owner of the wrestling-place.’

XXII. PARSIMONY

Parsimony is a neglect of honour when it involves expense ; and your Parsimonious man one that if he win the prize for staging a tragedy will con- secrate to Dionysus a diadem of wood® with his own name and no other inscribed upon it ;? and when a public contribution is asked in the Assembly, rise without speaking or depart from the house. At his daughter’s wedding he will put away all the meat of the sacrificial victim except the priest’s

@ For the game of that name cf. Ath. v. 194 a, Pap. Soc. Téal. 331 (257 z.c.).

> Cf. Diog. L. vi. 104.

¢ je. a plaque in imitation of a headband (Nav.).

“ He does not even give the poet’s, let alone the tribe’s.

H 97

σι

10

11

13

THEOPHRASTUS

ἱερέων᾽ τὰ κρέα ἀποδόσθαι, τοὺς δὲ διακονοῦντας ἐν τοῖς γάμοις οἰκοσίτους μισθώσασθαι: καὶ τρι- ηραρχῶν τὰ τοῦ κυβερνήτου στρώματα αὑτῷ ἐπὶ τοῦ καταστρώματος ὑποστορέννυσθαι, τὰ δὲ αὑτοῦ

᾽ ἀποτιθέναι. καὶ τὰ παιδία δὲ δεινὸς μὴ πέμψαι

εἰς διδασκάλου ὅταν 7 Μουσεῖα, ἀλλὰ φῆσαι κακῶς ” Ὁ \ / A > 5 ~ A ἔχειν, ἵνα μὴ συμβάλωνται. καὶ ἐξ ἀγορᾶς δὲ > , nN , hae 7 \o \ , > ὀψωνήσας τὰ κρέα αὐτὸς φέρειν Kav’ τὰ λάχανα ἐν τῷ προκολπίῳ: καὶ ἔνδον μένειν ὅταν ἐκδῷ θοἰμά- τ τ ~ Ξ \ / ” / 2 \ τιον ἐκπλῦναι- καὶ φίλου ἔρανον συλλέγοντος Kat διηγγελμένου" αὐτῷ, προσιόντα προϊδόμενος ἀπο- κάμψας ἐκ τῆς ὁδοῦ τὴν κύκλῳ οἰκάδε πορευθῆναι. καὶ τῇ γυναικὶ δὲ τῇ ἑαυτοῦ «πλέον ταλάντου" προῖκα εἰσενεγκαμένῃ μὴ πρίασθαι θεράπαιναν, > ¥ ~ 5 A > / > ~ Ψ ἀλλὰ μισθοῦσθαι εἰς τὰς ἐξόδους ἐκ τῆς γυναικείας παιδίον τὸ συνακολουθῆσον: καὶ τὰ ὑποδήματα παλιμπήξει κεκαττυμένα φορεῖν, καὶ λέγειν ὅτι

/ > \ Λ \ > \ A re ee 2 κέρατος οὐδὲν διαφέρει" καὶ ἀναστὰς τὴν οἰκίαν

καλλῦναι καὶ τὰς κλίνας ἐκκορῆσαι. καὶ καθεζό- μενος παραστρέψαι τὸν τρίβωνα ὃν αὐτὸν φορεῖ."

AAAZONEIA KT’

3 ,ὔ A « 5 ig / Αμέλει δὲ ἡ ἀλαζονεία δόξει εἶναι προσδοκία 7 3 ~ > Μ « A > / Peal, tis’ ἀγαθῶν οὐκ ὄντων, ὁ δὲ ἀλάζων τοιοῦτός τις, - > A , ε \ A ΠΕ. οἷος ἐν τῷ διαζεύγματι ἑστηκὼς διηγεῖσθαιδ ξένοις

1 Holl. γερῶν 2 V omits 3 Holl: V διειλεγ., others

omit καὶ 6... . προσιόντα *#H 5 mss also ἐκκορύσαι § Miinsterberg: mss αὐτὸς ¢. 7 mss also τινῶν 5 mss διηγεῖτο

98

CHARACTERS XXII—XXIII

portion, and covenant with the serving-men he hires for the feast that they shall eat at home.* As trierarch or furnisher of a galley to the state, he makes his bed on the deck with the helmsman’s blankets,’ and puts his own by. This man will never send his children to school when it is the Feast of the Muses, but pretend that they are sick, so that they shall not contribute. He will come home from market carrying his own buyings of meat and pot- herbs in the fold of his gown;°¢ he will stay at home when his coat is gone to the fuller’s ; when a friend of his is laying another’s acquaintance under contribution and he has wind of it, he no sooner sees him coming his way than he turns into an alley and fetches a compass home. The wife that brought him more than three hundred pound is not suffered to have a serving-maid of her own,? but he hires a little girl from the women’s market to attend her upon her outings. The shoes he wears are all clouts, and he avows they are as strong as any horn. He rises betimes and cleans the house and brushes out the dining-couches.¢ When he sits down he will turn aside his frieze-coat when he has nothing under it.f

XXIII. PRETENTIOUSNESS

Pretentiousness, of course, will seem to be a laying claim to advantages a man does not possess ; and the Pretentious or Snobbish man will stand at the

« Cf. Men. 286 K, 450 K.

> The steersman on duty at night would not want them till morning. ° Cf. Diog. L. vi. 36,104. 4 Cf. Men. Sam. 170.

¢ These naturally would be covered with crumbs.

7 Or perhaps the frieze-coat which is all he wears; cf. Diog. L. vi. 13, vii. 22.

99

THEOPHRASTUS

e AAG / > Al > > ~ θ δ 7 Fi ws πολλὰ χρήματα αὐτῷ" ἐστιν ev τῇ θαλάττῃ A ~ ~ ~ 2KQL περὶ τῆς ἐργασίας τῆς δανειστικῆς διεξιέναι ε / \ > A iA ” A > / \ ἡλίκη, καὶ αὐτὸς ὅσα εἴληφε καὶ ἀπολώλεκε- καὶ “ ~ / / \ / > \ ἅμα ταῦτα πλεθρίζων πέμπειν τὸ παιδάριον εἰς τὴν τράπεζαν δραχμῆς αὐτῷ κειμένης. καὶ συνοδοι- / A > ~ > > ε ~ A ΄ e πόρου δὲ ἀπολαῦσαι ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ δεινὸς λέγων ὡς \ 27 > ΄, Ava. ce 4“. νι a? 2 μετὰ Εὐάνδρου ἐστρατεύσατο, καὶ ὡς αὐτῷ εἶχε, \ a / / 3 / \ \ καὶ ὅσα λιθοκόλλητα ποτήρια ἐκόμισε: Kal περὶ ~ ~ ~ x “ἃ > / 4 / 9t40 τῶν τεχνιτῶν τῶν ἐν τῇ ᾿Ασίᾳ, ὅτι βελτίους εἰσὶ τῶν ἐν τῇ Εὐρώπῃ, ἀμφισβητῆσαι: καὶ ταῦτα ~ 3 5 ~ > ~ / > ὃ ὃ 4 ψοφῆσαι" οὐδαμοῦ ἐκ THs πόλεως ἀποδεδημηκώς. καὶ γράμματα δὲ εἰπεῖν ὡς πάρεστι παρ᾽ ᾿Αντι- πάτρου τριττὰ" δὴ λέγοντα παραγίνεσθαι αὐτὸν εἰς Μακεδονίαν: καὶ διδομένης αὐτῷ ἐξαγωγῆς ξύλων 5 λ A 5 “ > / σ 8 [4 > Ci ἀτελοῦς" ὅτι ἀπείρηται, ὅπως μηδ᾽ ὑφ᾽ ἑνὸς συκοφαντηθῇ: Ilepaitépw φιλοσοφεῖν προσῆκε Μακεδόσι. καὶ ἐν τῇ σιτοδείᾳ" δὲ ὡς πλείω ἢ πέντε τάλαντα αὐτῷ γένοιτο τὰ ἀναλώματα διδόντι τοῖς ἀπόροις τῶν πολιτῶν, ἀνανεύειν γὰρ 8.5 ΄ ἐν 55 ΄ 9 δὲ θ , οὐ δύνασθαι. καὶ ἀγνώτων" δὲ παρακαθημένων ~ ~ A / “ Ε ~ \ ~ κελεῦσαι θεῖναι τὰς ψήφους ἕνα αὐτῶν, καὶ ποσῶν 5) τὰ 3. Ἔ , \ \ , 10 \ αὐτὰς καθ᾽ ἑξακοσίας «καὶ κατὰ τριακοσίας" καὶ κατὰ μνᾶν, καὶ προστιθεὶς πιθανὰ" ἑκάστοις

1 Lycius: mss-rots 2. ef. Men. Perinth.7 3 Hottin-

ger: mss ψηφῆσαι 4 mss also τρίτον > some mss add εἰπεῖν : cf. Andoc. 2. 11 ὁ Cas: mss σποδιᾷ. σποδία 7 V πλείους 8 of. xiv. 2 τί γίνεται ; mss also γένοιτο αὐτῷ

® mss also ἀγνώστων 10 #, introd. p. 22 11 V -vds 100

CHARACTER XXIII

Mole and tell strangers of the great sums he has ventured at sea, and descant upon the greatness of the usury-trade and his own profits and losses in it ; and while he thus outruns the truth, will send off his page to the bank, though he have there but a shilling to his name. He loves to make sport of a fellow-traveller by the way by telling him that he served under Evander,? and how he stood with him, and how many jewelled cups he brought home ; and will have it that the artificers of Asia are better craftsmen than these of Europe ;—all this talk though he have never been out of the country. Moreover, he may well say that he has no less than three letters from Antipater? requesting his attendance upon him in Macedonia,’ and albeit he is offered free exporta- tion of timber he has refused to go; he will not lay himself open to calumny ; the Macedonians ought to have known better than expect it. He is like to say, also, that in the time of the famine? he spent more than twelve hundred pound in relieving the distress,—he cannot say no ; and when strangers are sitting next him he will ask one of them to cast the account, and reckoning it in sums of ten, twenty- five, and fifty, assign plausible names to each sum

« Apparently an intentionally thin disguise of the name of Alexander, against whom T. had written the pamphlet Callisthenes in 327.

» Regent of Macedonia after the death of Alexander, 323-319 ; ef. Xenocrates’ refusal of Ant.’s offered gift, Diog. L. iv. 8; ef. ibid. vi. 66.

¢ Or that a letter has come from Antipater bidding him lead a commission of three to attend him in Macedonia.

@ Prob. that of 329 s.c., cf. Dem. 34. 37 f.

101

ie)

©

-:

THEOPHRASTUS

΄ 5: a \ , / 1 \ τούτων ὀνόματα, ποιῆσαι Kal δέκα τάλαντα καὶ τοῦτο φήσας εἰσενηνοχέναι" εἰς ἐράνους αὐτῶν, καὶ τὰς τριηραρχίας εἰπεῖν ὅτι οὐ τίθησιν οὐδὲ τὰς ειτουργίας ὅσας λελειτούργηκε. καὶ προσελθὼν δ᾽ εἰς τοὺς ἵππους, τοὺς ἀγαθοὺς τοῖς πωλοῦσι προσποιήσασθαι ὠνητιᾶν: καὶ ἐπὶ τὰς κλισίας" 5 A ε A ~ »" , / A ~ ἐλθὼν ἱματισμὸν ζητῆσαι εἰς δύο τάλαντα, καὶ τῷ παιδὶ μάχεσθαι ὅτι τὸ χρυσίον οὐκ ἔχων αὐτῷ ἀκολουθεῖ: καὶ ἐν μισθῷ τὴν οἰκίαν! οἰκῶν φῆσαι ταύτην εἶναι τὴν πατρῴαν πρὸς τὸν μὴ εἰδότα,

\ ΄ , ΤῊΝ ἢ \ 1, 97 5 καὶ διότι μέλλει πωλεῖν αὐτὴν διὰ τὸ ἐλάττω εἶναι αὑτῷ πρὸς τὰς ξενοδοχίας.

YIEPH®ANIAX KA’

Ἔστι δὲ ἡ ὑπερηφανία καταφρόνησίς τις πλὴν αὑτοῦ τῶν ἄλλων, ὃ δὲ ὑπερήφανος τοιόσδε τις, οἷος τῷ σπεύδοντι ἀπὸ δείπνου «ἐντυγχάνειν αὐτῷ»" ἐντεύξεσθαι φάσκειν ἐν τῷ περιπατεῖν" καὶ εὖ ποιήσας μεμνῆσθαι φάσκειν: καὶ βαδίζων ἐν ταῖς ὁδοῖς" τὰς διαίτας κρίνειν ἐν τοῖς ἐπιτρέψασινϊ" καὶ χειροτονούμενος ἐξόμνυσθαι τὰς ἀρχάς, οὐ φάσκων σχολάζειν: καὶ προσελθεῖν πρότερος οὐδενὶ θελῆσαι. καὶ τοὺς πωλοῦντάς τι ἢ μισθουμένους"

1 ποιῆσαι καὶ Ν ; i.e. the five talents of 8 ὁ have now grown

to ten; mss also δέκα καὶ ποιῆσαι (1.6. καί in marg. arch.); ποιῆσαι Corresponds to γίγνεσθαι xiv. 2 2 V cicevnvéx da, which Foss keeps, reading αὑτῷ 3 H: mss κλίνας td lene (<f. ἔμμισθος and Xen. Sym. 4. 4): mss also μισθωτῇ οἰκίᾳ ἢ Ast-E (introd. p. 23) § Schw: mss βιάζειν for βαδίζων, some ἐν τ. ὁ. καὶ β. (i.e. ἐν τ. ὁ. Marg.) 1 ἐν is strange: τοῖς €v<i> (sc. λόγῳ) ἐπιτρέψασιν, t.e, a form of arbitration where the referee’s decision was given ina single word (Yes or No?)? cf. Men. Hp. 198 καταμενῶ | αὔριον ὅτῳ βούλεσθ᾽ ἐπιτρέπειν ἑνὶ λόγῳ | ἕτοιμος 8 mss -σας 9. Stroth: mss μεμισθωμ.

102

CHARACTERS XXIII—XXIV

given, and make it as much as three thousand pound. This he declares is what he contributed to these poor men’s subscription-lists, adding that he takes no account whatever of the trierarchies and other state- services he has performed. This man will go to the horse-market and pretend to the dealers that he wishes to buy thoroughbreds ; and at the stalls® he asks after clothing worth five hundred pound, and scolds his lackey for coming out without gold.¢ And though he live in a hired house, he tells any that knows no better that he had this of his father, and is about to put it up for sale because it is too small for the entertaining of his friends.

XXIV. ARROGANCE

Arrogance is the despising of all the world but yourself; and the Arrogant man of the kind that will tell any that hastes to speak to him after supper, that he will see him while he takes the air;2 and any that he has benefited, that he is bearing it in mind. If he be made sole arbiter he will give judge- ment as he walks in the streets. When he is to be elected to office he excuses himself on oath, because, please you, he has not the time. He will go speak to no man before the other speak to him. It is his way also to bid one who would sell to him or hire

@ Tit. reckoning by 600 drachmas (=6 minas=a tenth of a talent), and 10 minas (a twentieth), and 1 mina (a siwtieth), make it ten talents: the ref. is not to the method of adding up the total (why should he have an abacus with him ?), but to the (imaginary) list of his contributions; he does not trouble to invent any but round numbers (see p. 22).

δ Another part of the market-place.

¢ Lit. the gold; but the article is idiomatic, see p. 51 n. a.

4 i.e. he won’t put off his evening walk for him.

ὁ See critical note 7.

103

THEOPHRASTUS

\ ~ Ld \ > \ L- At } ¢ ’ὔ ‘ 8 δεινὸς κελεῦσαι ἥκειν πρὸς αὐτὸν ἅμ᾽ ἡμέρᾳ" καὶ ἐν ταῖς ὁδοῖς πορευόμενος μὴ λαλεῖν τοῖς ἐντυγ-

΄ 1 , / ¢ \ Sn , ” χάνουσι, κάτω κεκυφώς, ὅταν δὲ αὐτῷ δόξῃ, ἄνω 9 πάλιν: καὶ ἑστιῶν τοὺς φίλους αὐτὸς μὴ συνδειπνεῖν,

3 \ ~ e > € / / > ~ > ἀλλὰ τῶν ὑφ᾽ αὑτόν τινι συντάξαι αὐτῶν ἐπι-

\ ’, / ? \ /

10 μελεῖσθαι. καὶ προαποστέλλειν δέ, ἐπὰν πορεύηται, : τὸν ἐροῦντα ὅτι προσέρχεται: καὶ οὔτε ἐπ᾽ ἀλειφό- μενον αὑτὸν οὔτε λουόμενον οὔτε ἐσθίοντα ἐᾶσαι 12 ἂν εἰσελθεῖν. ἀμέλει δὲ καὶ λογιζόμενος πρός ~ \ / \ / ~ \ τινα τῷ παιδὶ ,συντάξαι τὰς ψήφους διωθεῖν καὶ 13 κεφάλαιον ποιήσαντι γράψαι αὐτῷ εἰς Adyov: καὶ ἐπιστέλλων μὴ γράφειν ὅτι “Χαρίζοιο ἄν μοι, ἀλλ᾽ ὅτι Βούλομαι γενέσθαι, καὶ ᾿Απέσταλκα πρὸς σὲ / Loney, EA \ A \ \ ληψόμενος, καὶ Ὅπως ἄλλως μὴ ἔσται, καὶ Τὴν

ταχίστην.

ΔΕΙΛΙΑΣ KE’

᾿Αμέλει δὲ ἡ ἡ δειλία δόξειεν ἂν εἶναι ὕπειξίς τις ψυχῆς ἐν bBo? ὁ δὲ δειλὸς τοιοῦτός τις, οἷος πλέων τὰς ἄκρας φάσκειν. ἡμιολίας εἶναι" καὶ κλυδωνίου" γενομένου ἐρωτᾶν εἴ τις μὴ μεμύηται τῶν πλεόντων" καὶ τοῦ κυβερνήτου ἀνακύπτοντος «εἰσομένου» εἰ μεσοπορεῖ, πυνθάνεσθαι' τί αὐτῷ δοκεῖ τὰ τοῦ θεοῦ: καὶ πρὸς τὸν παρακαθήμενον λέγειν ὅτι φοβεῖται ἀπὸ ἐνυπνίου τινός" καὶ ἐκδὺς διδόναι τῷ παιδὶ τὸν χιτῶν toKov" καὶ δεῖσθαι πρὸς 8 τὴν γῆν προσάγειν αὐτόν. καὶ στρατευόμενος δὲ

τῷ

1 «ἀλλὰ παριέναι» ὃ 5. H: mss ἔμφοβος 3 V_ κλύδωνος 4 FE; for εἰσ. cf. Men. Hp. 245: mss ἀνακόπτοντος (ἀνακύπτων μὲν) πυνθαν. (αἰσθάν.) εἰ μεσ. καὶ

104

CHARACTERS XXIV—XXV

him his labour to come to him at break of day. When he is walking in the street, he never talks to those that meet him, but goes by with his eyes on the ground till it please him to raise them. When he invites his friends, he does not dine with them himself, but commands one of his underlings to see to their entertainment. When he travels, he sends a footboy before him to say that he is coming. No man is admitted to his presence when he is anointing himself, or at his bath, or taking food. No need to say that when this man comes to a reckoning with you he commands his page to do the counting and adding and set the sum down to your account.¢ In his letters you do not find * You would oblige me,’ but ‘ My desire is this,’ or ‘I have sent to you for that,’ or ‘Be sure that you do the other,’ and ‘ Without the least delay.’

XXV. COWARDICE

Cowardice, of course, would seem to be a giving- way of the soul in fear; and your Coward he that if he be at sea will have it that the jutting rocks are pirate sloops, and when the sea rises asks if there be any aboard that is not initiated. If the helms- man look up to know if he is keeping mid-channel,? he asks him what he thinks of the weather ;¢ or tells one that sits next to him that a dream he has had makes him uneasy: or takes off his shirt and gives it to his man ;@ or begs them put him ashore.

@ j.e. without asking if you agree with his arithmetic.

» Or is halfway of his course (in either case he would go by the relative position of mountain-tops, ete.).

¢ Of. Kur. Cycl. 212 (Nav.).

4 For ease in swimming; the cloak, having no arm-holes, could be thrown off with less delay.

105

Vo

ὧν

THEOPHRASTUS

mel ἐκβοηθοῦντός τεῦ «τοὺς συσσίτους»" προσ- καλεῖν πάντας πρὸς αὑτὸν κελεύων στάντας" πρῶτον περιϊδεῖν, καὶ λέγειν ὡς ἔργον διαγνῶναί ἐστι πότεροί" εἰσιν οἵ πολέμιοι" καὶ ἀκούων κραυγῆς καὶ ὁρῶν πίπτοντας, εἴπας" πρὸς τοὺς παρεστηκότας ὅτι τὴν σπάθην λαβεῖν ὑπὸ τῆς σπουδῆς ἐπελάθετο, τρέχειν ἐπὶ τὴν σκήνην, «καὶ τὸν παῖδα ἐκπέμψας κελεύων, προσκο- πεῖσθαι ποῦ εἰσιν οἱ πολέμιοι, ἀποκρύψαι αὐτὴν ὑπὸ τὸ “προσκεφάλαιον, εἶτα διατρίβειν πολὺν χρόνον ὡς ζητῶν" καὶ ἐκ τῆς σκηνῆς" ὁρῶν τραυματίαν. τινὰ προσφερόμενον τῶν φίλων προσ- δραμὼν καὶ θαρρεῖν κελεύσας ὑπολαβὼν φέρειν, καὶ τοῦτον θεραπεύειν. καὶ περισπογγίζειν, καὶ παρακαθήμενος ἀπὸ τοῦ ἕλκους τὰς μυίας σοβεῖν, καὶ πᾶν μᾶλλον ἢ μάχεσθαι τοῖς πολεμίοις. καὶ τοῦ σαλπιστοῦ δὲ τὸ πολεμικὸν σημήναντος καθ- ἥμενος ἐν τῇ σκηνῇ «εἰπεῖν» ᾿Απαγ᾽ ἐς κόρακας: οὐκ ἐάσει τὸν ἄνθρωπον ὕπνου λαβεῖν πυκνὰ σημαίνων. καὶ αἵματος δὲ ἀνάπλεως ἀπὸ τοῦ ἀλλοτρίου τραύματος ἐντυγχάνειν τοῖς ἐκ τῆς μάχης ἐπανιοῦσι καὶ διηγεῖσθαι ὡς ἹΚινδυνεύσας ἕνα σέσωκα τῶν φίλων"- καὶ εἰσάγειν πρὸς τὸν κατακείμενον σκεψομένους τοὺς δημότας, τοὺς

1 V πεζοῦ corr. to πεζῆ, others omit πεΐζ.... τε Sass τοῦ στρατοῦ ΟΥ̓ τοῦ στρατηγοῦ (or ἐκβοηθούντων ? cf. Xen. Cyr. iii. 3. 54 ἰόντων εἰς μάχην, and συναγόντων below, xxx. 18) aE, of. Dem. 54. 4 4°V κελ. mp. αὖτ. στ... others πάντας Tp. αὖτ. καὶ στ. (1.6. κελεύων, afterwards mutilated, in marg. arch.) 5 mss also -pov 6 Ilberg: mss εἰπεῖν, eizrov (?) ΤΟΝ καὶ κελεύσας, others κελεύειν 8 HH: mss ἐν τῇ σκηνῇ 9. cf. Long. 4. 36 fin. ὕπνον εἵλοντο 10 or, with V, ὡς κινδυνεύσας Eva κτλ.

106

CHARACTER XXV

When he is serving on land and the troops are going into action, he will call his messmates and bid them all first stop and look about them ; it is so difficult to tell which is the enemy ; and then when he hears cries and sees men falling, he remarks to the men next to him that in his haste he forgot to take up his sword, and runs to the tent, and sending his man out with orders to reconnoitre, hides it under his pillow and then spends a long time pretending to seek for it. And seeing from the tent that they are bringing that way a wounded man that is a friend of his, he runs out, and bidding him be of good cheer, takes him on his back and carries him in*; and so will tend the man, and sponge about his wound,? and sit beside him and keep the flies from it, do anything, in short, sooner than fight the enemy. And indeed when the trumpet sounds the charge he never stirs from the tent, but cries ‘Ill take ye! he’ll not suffer the man to get a wink of sleep with his continual bugling!’ And then, covered with blood from another’s wound, he will meet returning troops and tell them how he has saved one friend’s life at the risk of his own’; and bring in his fellow- parishioners, his fellow-tribesmen, to see the wounded

« Or perh. on his arm; Nay. compares Plat. Sym. 212 ἢ where, however, it is ἄγειν not φέρειν.

> Not the wound itself.

° Or tell each of them, as if he had risked his life, how he has saved one of his friends.

107

τῷ

JS)

THEOPHRASTUS

, 1 \ , ia Neg 7 A ¢ φυλέτας, καὶ τούτων ἅμ᾽ ἑκάστῳ διηγεῖσθαι, ὡς A A ¢€ ~ αὐτὸς αὐτὸν ταῖς ἑαυτοῦ χερσὶν ἐπὶ σκηνὴν ἐκόμισεν.

ΟΛΙΓΆΑΡΧΙΑΣ KS”

Δόξειεν δ᾽ ἂν εἶναι ἡ ὀλιγαρχία φιλαρχία τις ἰσχύος καὶ κέρδους" γλιχομένη, ὁ δὲ ὀλιγαρχικὸς" τοιοῦτος, οἷος τοῦ δήμου βουλευομένου τίνας τῷ ἄρχοντι προσαιρήσονται τοὺς συνεπιμελησομένους τῆς πομπῆς," παρελθὼν ἀποφήνασθαι ὡς δεῖ αὐτοκράτορας τούτους εἶναι, Kav dAdo’ προ- βάλλωνται δέκα, λέγειν ες εἷς ἐστι, τοῦτον δὲ ὅτι δεῖ ἄνδρα εἶναι: καὶ τῶν Ὃμήρου ἐπῶν τοῦτο ἕν μόνον κατέχειν ὅτι

> > \ / e / ες Οὐκ ἀγαθὸν πολυκοιρανίη, εἷς κοίρανος ἔστω,

τῶν δὲ ἄλλων ,μηδὲν ἐπίστασθαι. ἀμέλει δὲ δεινὸς τοῖς τοιούτοις τῶν λόγων χρήσασθαι, ὅτι Δεῖ αὐτοὺς ἡμᾶς συνελθόντας περὶ τούτου" βουλεύσασθαι, καὶ Ἔκ τοῦ ὄχλου καὶ τῆς ἀγορᾶς ἀπαλλαγῆναι, καὶ Ἰ]αύσασθαι a ἀρχαῖς πλησιάζοντας καὶ ὑπὸ τούτων ὑβριζομένους ἣ τιμωμένους ὅτε" ἢ τούτους δεῖ ἢ ἡμᾶς οἰκεῖν τὴν πόλιν. καὶ τὸ μέσον δὲ τῆς ἡμέρας ἐξιὼν" τὸ ἱμάτιον “«“μεμελη- μένως»" " ἀναβεβλημένος καὶ μέσην κουρὰν κεκαρ- μένος καὶ ἀκριβῶς ἀπωνυχισμένος σοβεῖν τοὺς

1 mss also τοὺς φ. τὸν δῆμον * mss and P (Oxyrh. iv. 699) ἰσχυροῦ (-pas) Képd. 3 Cas: mss (and P ?) -apyos 4 so V: other mss omit 2 ll. of arch. προσαιρ. τ. συν- and (from marg.) τῆς 5 mss ἄλλοι 8 so prob. V (Im.): others -των 7 V adds αὐτοὺς : Nav. οὕτως 8 H: mss ort, cf. xvii. 9 ® V adds καὶ, others omit καὶ τὸ iw. dvaBeBr. 10 F (one line of arch. lost by 7A), ef. Plat. Prot. 344 3

108

CHARACTERS XXV—XXVI

man, telling each and all that he carried him to the tent with his own hands.

XXVI. OLIGARCHY

It would seem that the Oligarchical or Anti- Democratic Spirit is a love of rule, covetous of power and gain; and the Anti-Democrat or Tory of the Old School ¢ is he that steps forth when the Assembly is considering whom to join with the Archon for the directing of the pageant,’ and gives his opinion that these should have full powers; and if the other speakers propose ten, he will say ‘One is enough,’ adding ‘ But he must be a man indeed.’° The one and only line of Homer’s he knows is this :

Tis ill that many rule; give one man sway. gs y

It is only to be expected that he should be given to using such phrases as these :—‘ We should meet and consider this by ourselves’; ‘We should rid ourselves of the mob and the market-place’; ‘ We should give up dallying with office and suffering our- selves to be insulted or exalted by such persons,4 when either we or these fellows must govern the city.’ And he will not go abroad till midday, and then it is with his cloak thrown on with studied elegance, and his hair and beard neither too short nor too long, and his finger-nails carefully pared, to

« Cf. Andoc. 4. 16.

» The procession at the Greater Dionysia.

¢ Cf. Men. Sam. 137, Pk. 260.

The reference is to the initial and final serutinies of magistrates before the Assembly.

a

109

σι

σ:

oo

THEOPHRASTUS

τοιούτους λόγους «λέγων» τὴν τοῦ ᾿Ωιδείου" : Διὰ τοὺς συκοφάντας οὐκ οἰκητόν ἐστιν ἐν τῇ πόλει, καὶ ὡς Ἔν τοῖς δικαστηρίοις δεινὰ πά- σχομεν ὑπὸ τῶν δικαζόντων, καὶ ὡς Θαυμάζω τῶν πρὸς τὰ κοινὰ προσιόντων τί βούλονται, καὶ ὡς ἀχάριστόν ἐστι «τὸ» τοῦ νέμοντος καὶ διδόντος, καὶ ὡς αἰσχύνεται ἐν τῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ ὅταν παρα-

/ ~ A \ ~ ~ ; κάθηταί τις αὐτῷ λεπτὸς καὶ αὐχμῶν: καὶ εἰπεῖν

Πότε παυσόμεθα ὑπὸ τῶν λειτουργιῶν καὶ τῶν τρι- ηραρχιῶν ἀπολλύμενοι; καὶ ὡς μισητὸν τὸ τῶν δημαγωγῶν γένος, τὸν Θησέα πρῶτον φήσας τῶν κακῶν τῇ πόλει γεγονέναι αἴτιον, καὶ δίκαια παθεῖν, πρῶτον γὰρ αὐτὸν ἀπολέσθαι ὑπ᾽ αὐτῶν. καὶ τοιαῦτα ἕτερα πρὸς τοὺς ἕένους καὶ τῶν πολιτῶν τοὺς ὁμοτρόπους καὶ ταὐτὰ προαιρουμένους.

ΟΨΙΜΑΘΙΑΣ KZ’

Ἣ δὲ ὀψιμαθία φιλοπονία δόξειεν, ἂν εἶναι ὑπὲρ τὴν ἡλικίαν, ὁ δὲ ὀψιμαθὴς τοιοῦτός τις, οἷος ῥήσεις μανθάνειν ἑξήκοντα ἔτη γεγονώς, καὶ ταύτας λέγων. παρὰ πότον ἐπιλανθάνεσθαι" καὶ παρὰ τοῦ υἱοῦ μανθάνειν τὸ ᾿Επὶ δόρυ καὶ “En 5 J 4c" > > 4 \ > e ~ / ἀσπίδα καὶ En’ ovpav: καὶ εἰς ἡρῷα συμβάλλε- σθαι τοῖς μειρακίοις λαμπάδα τρέχειν. ἀμέλει δὲ

1 of. βαδίζων ὁδόν Xen. Mem. ii. 1. 22, and Alciphr. 4.

(1. 34) τὴν εἰς (sic lege) “Axadjuecay σοβεῖς (an imitation 2) 2 Schn: mss δικαζομένων : Meier δεκαζομένων 3 Bersanetti, ef. τὸ τῆς τύχης Vill. 10 and Kiihn.-Bl. ii. 1. 269 Ἐν adds incorp. gloss τοῦτον yap ἐκ δώδεκα πόλεων εἰς μίαν καταγαγόντα λυθείσας βασιλείας : of. im αὐτῶν below, 86. TOV

δημαγωγῶν : other mss omit αἴτιον... ὑπ᾽ αὐτῶν 5 mss αὐτὸν παθεῖν

110

CHARACTERS XXVI—XXVII

strut it in the Street of the Music-House, saying, ‘There’s no dwelling in Athens for the informers’ ; or ‘ The juries are the curse of the law-courts’ ; or “I marvel why men take up public affairs’; or “ How thankless the task of him that has to pay!’ or how ashamed he is when some lean and ill-kempt fellow sits next to him in the Assembly. And he will say ‘ When shall we cease to be victims of these state-services and trierarchies ἢ ἡ or ‘O this detest- able tribe of demagogues !’ and add ‘ Theseus was the beginning of the misfortunes of our country ; and he got his deserts; he was their first victim himself.’ And other such remarks does he make to strangers or to such of his fellow-citizens as are of his disposition and politics.?

XXVIT. OPSIMATHY OR LATE-LEARNING

Opsimathy would seem to be an activity too great for your years ; and the Opsimath or Late-Learner one that being past threescore years of age will learn verses to recite,“ and will forget what comes next when he delivers them over the wine. He will make his son teach him ‘ Right turn,’ ‘ Left turn,’ and ‘ Right-about-face.’ On the feasts of the Heroes ὦ he will compete in the torch-race for boys.

Cf. Plut. Thes. 35.

Perhaps an addition by another hand.

At dinner-parties.

Or to the shrines of the Heroes (Hephaestus and Prome- theus ?); but if so it must be emphatic, and in this context one would expect the emphasis to lie on μειρακίοις ; εἰς rather than ἐν is due to the idea of entering for the race, to be on a certain day ; cf. the Orators passim.

a ὃ ς

d

ΤῊ

14

THEOPHRASTUS

Kav που κληθῇ εἰς Ἡράκλεια, > ῥίψας τὸ ἱμάτιον τὸν βοῦν αἴρεσθαι" ἵνα τραχηλίσῃ"- καὶ προσανα-

7 τρίβεσθαι εἰσιὼν εἰς τὰς παλαίστρας" καὶ ἐν τοῖς

θαύμασι τρία ἢ τέτταρα πληρώματα ὑπομένειν τὰ ἄσματα ἐκμανθάνων: καὶ τελούμενος τῷ Σαβαζίῳ σπεῦσαι ὅπως καλλιστεύσῃ παρὰ τῷ ἱερεῖ: καὶ ἐρῶν ἑταίρας" καὶ κριοὺς προσβάλλων ταῖς θύραις

" πληγὰς εἰληφὼς ὑπ᾽ ἀντεραστοῦ δικάζεσθαι: καὶ

5 > A > > σ > ,ὔ 4 a els ἀγρὸν ἐφ᾽ ἵππου ἀλλοτρίου κατοχούμενος ἅμα μελετᾶν ἱππάζεσθαι καὶ πεσὼν τὴν κεφαλὴν καταγῆναιδ: καὶ ἐν δεκαδισταῖς, συνάγειν τοὺς «μὴ μετ᾽ αὐτοῦ συναύξοντας: καὶ μακρὸν ἀν- « ~ δριάντα παίζειν πρὸς τὸν ἑαυτοῦ ἀκόλουθον: καὶ \ ~ ~ διατοξεύεσθαι καὶ διακοντίζεσθαι τῷ τῶν παιδίων παιδαγωγῷ, καὶ ἅμα μανθάνειν παρ᾽ αὑτοῦ «παραινεῖν» ,) ὡς av καὶ ἐκείνου μὴ ἐπισταμένου. \ ,ὔ > > ~ “2 A ¢ καὶ παλαίων δ᾽ ἐν τῷ βαλανείῳ πυκνὰ ἑδρο-

5 στροφεῖν,. ὅπως πεπαιδεῦσθαι δοκῇ: καὶ ὅταν ὦσιν

> \ A 11 κ > A >A eer

ἐγγὺς γυναῖκες" μελετᾶν ὀρχεῖσθαι αὐτὸς αὑτῷ /

τερετίζων.""

1 ποι 3 E: mss -κλειον (eis=at or on, cf. Lys. Hie 3) 3 Meier: V αἱρεῖσθαι, others omit καὶ én’ οὐράν... δικάζεσθαι 4 wa rp. perh. a gloss; Theophr.’s readers would surely not need this explanation 5 Schn: V ἱερᾶς corr. fr. -pas 6 BE, cf. Plat. Gorg. 469 ἢ: MSS κατεαγέναι 7 Wilhelm: V ἕνδεκα λιταῖς, others omit Kai... συναύξοντας 8 "ὶ 9 Hanow OSES Cf: ἑδροστρόφος : mSs (τὴν) ἕδραν στρέφειν 11 Meister, cf. Ar. Eccl. 880: V Gov... γυναικ. . . . (introd. p. 23) UATE AppitT1on (only in V, where it follows Char. XXVIII): (16) οὕτως ὁ τῆς διδασκαλίας ἐρεθισμὸς μανικοὺς Kal ἐξεστηκότας ἀνθρώπους τοῖς ἤθεσι ποιεῖ

112

CHARACTER XXVII

If he be bidden to any man’s on a feast of Heracles, he is of course the man to throw off his coat and raise the ox to bend back its neck* ; when he goes to the wrestling-schools® he'll take a throw with the youngsters. At the jugglers’ shows he will stay out three or four performances learning the songs by heart. When they are initiating him with the holy orders of Sabazius he takes pains to acquit himself best in the eyes of the priest.° If, when he is wenching and tries to break in the door, he be beaten by a rival, he takes it into court. He borrows a mount to ride into the country, and practising horsemanship by the way is thrown and breaks his head, At a tenth-day club’s meetings he assembles men who have not the like objects with himself.¢ He will play long-statue ὁ with his lackey ; he will shoot or throw the javelin with his children’s tutor, and invite him the while to learn of him, as if he did not know his own business. When he is wrestling at the baths, he keeps wriggling his buttocks so that he may be thought to have had a good education. And when women are near, he will practise a dance, whistling his own tune’

« For the knife. » A common diversion.

¢ Meaning uncertain.

4 συνάγειν and συναύξειν are technical club-words, the latter meaning to further club-interests, cf. Lycon’s will ap. Diog. L. v. 70.

¢ Prob. a children’s gymnastic feat involving standing on another player’s shoulders.

4 LATE appITION: Thus can the prick of education make a man’s manners those of one beside his wits.

I 113

THEOPHRASTUS

KAKOAOLIA® KH’

Ἔστι δὲ ἡ j κακολογία ἀγωγὴ" τῆς ψυχῆς εἰς τὸ “χοροῦ ἐν πον ὁ δὲ κακολόγος τοίοσδε τις, 2 οἷος ἐρωτηθεὶς Ὁ δεῖνα τίς ἐστιν; <eimeiv> "Axove δή, καθάπερ ot ee Πρῶτον ἀπὸ τοῦ γένους αὐτοῦ ἄρξομαι: τούτου ὁ μὲν πατὴρ ἐξ ἀρχῆς Σωσίας ἐκαλεῖτο, ἐγένετο δὲ ἐν τοῖς στρατιώταις Σωσίστρατος, ἐπειδὴ δὲ εἰς τοὺς δημότας ἐνεγράφη, «Σωσίδημος»"" ἡ μέντοι μήτηρ εὐγενὴς Θρᾷττά ἐστι, καλεῖται γοῦν ἡσυχῆ, Κρινοκοράκα" τὰς δὲ τοιαύτας φασὶν ἐν τῇ πατρίδι εὐγενεῖς εἶναι- αὐτὸς δὲ οὗτος ὡς ἐκ τοιούτων

5 γεγονὼς κακὸς καὶ μαστιγίας. καὶ «περὶ γυναι- κῶν a>Kak@v’ δὲ πρός τινα εἰπεῖν ᾿Εγὼ δήπου τὰ τοιαῦτα οἶδα ὑπὲρ ὧν σὺ πλανᾷ πρὸς ἐμὲ καὶ τούτους" διεξιών: αὗται αἱ γυναῖκες ἐκ τῆς ὁδοῦ τοὺς παριόντας. συναρπάζουσι: καὶ Olkia τις αὑτὴ τὰ σκέλη ἠρκυῖα, «καὶ» Οὐ yep οἷον" λῆρός ἐστι τὸ λεγόμενον, ἀλλ᾽ ὥσπερ αἱ κύνες ἐν ταῖς ὁδοῖς

1 Cas: mss ἀγὼν * FE, usual before a list, story, formal announcement, or emphatic statement, cf. Plat. Phaedr. 230", Sym. 2148, Tim. Sch. 20 p, Plat. Com. Paw 173. 5 Κα (ef. 174. 11) ἄκουε δή: ἄρξομαι κτλ, Eupol. Kod. 151 K, Men. Sam. 93 and frag. p. 468 1. 25 Allinson, Callim. Jamb. 201, Cleanthes 3 Powell, Luc. Gall. 12; οὐκοῦν δή quoted by Nav. from Plat. Soph. 256 Ὁ, 257 a is clearly unsuitable: V οὐκοῦνδε with mark of corruption ; others omit, changing ἄρξομαι to ἄρξασθαι and omitting τούτου 2 Meier 1", ο΄. Diog. Laert. vi. 58, Theocr. 13. 27, Men. Her. 20: mss ἡ ψυχή, but the ‘ ornate alias’ is hardly Greek (could it δὲ an incorp. gloss translating xp. 9) 5. introd. p. 14 5 Im.-# 7 Foss: V πλανᾶς, others omit καὶ... ἐμέ 8. Ussing: mss -rous 9. Nav. com- pares Polyb. i. 20. 12 114

CHARACTER XXVIII

XXVIII. BACKBITING

Backbiting is a bent of the mind towards the worse in all a man says; and your Backbiter one that, when you ask him ἡ Who is so-and-so ? ’ is like to reply in the manner of a genealogist, ‘ Listen ; I will begin with his parentage; this man’s father was first called Sosias,? then among the troops ? he became Sosistratus, and lastly when he was enrolled as a demesman or man of a parish,® Sosidemus ; but as for his mother, she’s a high-born Thracian ὦ; at least she’s called when nobody’s listening ὁ Krino- koraka,’ and they say that women of that sort 9 are high-born in her country ; the man himself, as you might expect, coming of such a stock, is a knave and a villain.’ And he will say to you about quite respectable women, ‘I know only too well what trollops they are whose cause you are so mistaken as to champion to these gentlemen and me ; these women seize passers-by out of the street’;” or ‘This house is simply a brothel’; or ‘ The saying is all too true, They couple lke dogs in the streets’ ;

* Common as aslave-name, though also borne by freemen.

Ὁ Prob. mercenaries (Nav.).

¢ It was possible at this time, by questionable means, for a foreigner or even a slave to become an Athenian citizen (Nav.). 4 Cf. Men. 469 K, Diog. L. ii. 31, vi. 1.

¢ Meaning doubtful; perhaps Kr. is ‘Thracian for “ courtesan.’

t ‘The point perhaps lies in the outlandishness of the name ; attempts to derive it, e.g. from κρίνον and κόραξ, Lily-Crow, Black-and-White (ref. to the practice of tattooing ? Knox) should be given up; the κρίνον, at any rate, was not pro- verbial for whiteness, as the lily is with us.

9 2,6. prostitutes. Cf. Lys. 3. 46.

115

THEOPHRASTUS

συνέχονται. καὶ To ὅλον ἀνδρόλαλοί" ties: Kat =) \ \ / \ » ε if > / Αὐταὶ τὴν θύραν τὴν αὔλειον braKovovor. ἀμέλει δὲ καὶ κακῶς λεγόντων ἑτέρων συνεπιλαμβάνεσθαι \ ces ΄ 3? \ \ A \ ” καὶ αὐτὸς λέγων" ᾿Εγὼ δὲ τοῦτον τὸν ἄνθρωπον πλέον πάντων μεμίσηκα: καὶ γὰρ εἰδεχθής τις ἀπὸ τοῦ προσώπου ἐστίν ἡ δὲ πονηρία, οὐδὲν ὅμοιον"" σημεῖον δέ: τῇ γὰρ αὑτοῦ γυναικὶ <y’>® τάλαντα εἰσενεγκαμένῃ προῖκα, ἐξ οὗ" παιδίον αὐτῷ γέ- γονε, γ΄ χαλκοῦς εἰς ὄψον δίδωσι καὶ τῷ ψυχρῷ , > 7, A ~ A C4 7 8 λούεσθαι ἀναγκάζει τῇ τοῦ Ποσειδῶνος ἡμέρᾳ. καὶ συγκαθήμενος δεινὸς περὶ τοῦ ἀναστάντος εἰπεῖν «κακά», καὶ ἀρχήν γε εἰληφὼς" μὴ ἀπο- σχέσθαι μηδὲ τοὺς οἰκείους αὐτοῦ “λοιδορῆσαι, ἀλλὰ" πλεῖστα περὶ τῶν φίλων καὶ οἰκείων κακὰ εἰπεῖν καὶ περὶ τῶν τετελευτηκότων, «τὴν» κακο- Aoylav™ ἀποκαλῶν παρρησίαν καὶ δημοκρατίαν καὶ / \ ~ ~ / Ὁ ~ ~ ἐλευθερίαν, καὶ τῶν ἐν τῷ βίῳ ἥδιστα τοῦτο ToL."

ΦΙΛΟΠΟΝΗΡΙΑΣ" KO’

Ἔστι δὲ ἡ φιλοπονηρία ὁμοπαθεία" κακίας, ὃ 2 δὲ φιλοπόνηρός ἐστι τοιόσδε τις, οἷος ἐντυγχάνειν τοῖς ἡττημένοις καὶ δημοσίους ἀγῶνας ὠφληκόσι,"

1 κύνες ὡς ἐν ὁδοῖς συνέχονται ὃ 2 Foss -λάβοι SV omits καὶ αὐτὸς and reads εἴπου (i.e. εἴπας), others καὶ αὐτὸν λέγοντα 4 Ν' ὁμοία corr. from ὁμοῖα δ᾽ ὋΓΥ «ύ). of. Men, 402. 11 K? Antiph. 224 K is not parallel ὁ of Im: V ἧς ? γέγονε V marg., ef. Mach. ap. Ath. xiii. 581 d: text γεννᾶ, others omit τάλαντα... γεννᾷ ali C.I.A. τ. 77. 16: or τοῦ Wocededvos ὁσημέραι (ἘΠ) ὃ 9. Cas.-H 10 Schn: V -φότος, others omit kai... λοιδοοῆσαι:; cf. Men. Pk. 45 11 καὶ V, others